Robustness of sweeping-window arc therapy treatment sequences against intrafractional tumor motion

Purpose: Due to the potentially periodic collimator dynamic in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) dose deliveries with the sweeping-window arc therapy (SWAT) technique, additional manifestations of dosimetric deviations in the presence of intrafractional motion may occur. With a fast multileaf...

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Main Authors: Fleckenstein, Jens (Author) , Hesser, Jürgen (Author) , Wenz, Frederik (Author) , Lohr, Frank (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 13 March 2015
In: Medical physics
Year: 2015, Volume: 42, Issue: 4, Pages: 1538-1545
ISSN:2473-4209
DOI:10.1118/1.4914166
Online Access:Verlag, Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4914166
Verlag, Volltext: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.medma.uni-heidelberg.de/doi/10.1118/1.4914166/abstract
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Author Notes:Jens Fleckenstein, Jürgen Hesser, Frederik Wenz, and Frank Lohr

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520 |a Purpose: Due to the potentially periodic collimator dynamic in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) dose deliveries with the sweeping-window arc therapy (SWAT) technique, additional manifestations of dosimetric deviations in the presence of intrafractional motion may occur. With a fast multileaf collimator (MLC), and a flattening filter free dose delivery, treatment times close to 60 s per fraction are clinical reality. For these treatment sequences, the human breathing period can be close to the collimator sweeping period. Compared to a random arrangement of the segments, this will cause a further degradation of the dose homogeneity. Methods: Fifty VMAT sequences of potentially moving target volumes were delivered on a two dimensional ionization chamber array. In order to detect interplay effects along all three coordinate axes, time resolved measurements were performed twice—with the detector aligned in vertical (V) or horizontal (H) orientation. All dose matrices were then moved within a simulation software by a time-dependent motion vector. The minimum relative equivalent uniform dose EUDr,m for all breathing starting phases was determined for each amplitude and period. Furthermore, an estimation of periods with minimum EUD was performed. Additionally, LINAC logfiles were recorded during plan delivery. The MLC, jaw, gantry angle, and monitor unit settings were continuously saved and used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the target motion and the dose weighed collimator motion component for each direction (CC, LR, AP) separately. Results: The resulting EUDr,m were EUDr,m(CCV) = (98.3 ± 0.6)%, EUDr,m(CCH) = (98.6 ± 0.5)%, EUDr,m(APV) = (97.7 ± 0.9)%, and EUDr,m(LRH) = (97.8 ± 0.9)%. The overall minimum relative EUD observed for 360∘ arc midventilation treatments was 94.6%. The treatment plan with the shortest period and a minimum relative EUD of less than 97% was found at T = 6.1 s. For a partial 120∘ arc, an EUDr,m = 92.0% was found. In all cases, a correlation coefficient above 0.5 corresponded to a minimum in EUD. Conclusions: With the advent of fast VMAT delivery techniques, nonrobust treatment sequences for human breathing patterns can be generated. These sequences are characterized by a large correlation coefficient between a target motion component and the corresponding collimator dynamic. By iteratively decreasing the maximum allowed dose rate, a low correlation coefficient and consequentially a robust treatment sequence are ensured. 
650 4 |a cancer 
650 4 |a Collimators 
650 4 |a dosimetry 
650 4 |a Drug delivery 
650 4 |a Intensity modulated radiation therapy 
650 4 |a interplay effects 
650 4 |a ionisation chambers 
650 4 |a Linear accelerators 
650 4 |a Lungs 
650 4 |a Measurement of nuclear or x-radiation 
650 4 |a Medical treatment planning 
650 4 |a Multileaf collimators 
650 4 |a organ motion 
650 4 |a pneumodynamics 
650 4 |a radiation therapy 
650 4 |a Radiation treatment 
650 4 |a Real time information delivery 
650 4 |a robust planning 
650 4 |a time resolved dosimetry 
650 4 |a tumours 
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