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Attractive versus repulsive interactions in the Bose-Einstein condensation dynamics of relativistic field theories

We study the impact of attractive self-interactions on the nonequilibrium dynamics of relativistic quantum fields with large occupancies at low momenta. Our primary focus is on Bose-Einstein condensation and nonthermal fixed points in such systems. For a model system, we consider O(N)-symmetric scal...

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Hauptverfasser: Berges, Jürgen (VerfasserIn) , Boguslavski, Kirill (VerfasserIn) , Chatrchyan, Aleksandr (VerfasserIn) , Jaeckel, Joerg (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 30 October 2017
In: Physical review
Year: 2017, Jahrgang: 96, Heft: 7
ISSN:2470-0029
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.076020
Online-Zugang:Verlag, Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.076020
Volltext
Verfasserangaben:J. Berges, K. Boguslavski, A. Chatrchyan, and J. Jaeckel

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520 |a We study the impact of attractive self-interactions on the nonequilibrium dynamics of relativistic quantum fields with large occupancies at low momenta. Our primary focus is on Bose-Einstein condensation and nonthermal fixed points in such systems. For a model system, we consider O(N)-symmetric scalar field theories. We use classical-statistical real-time simulations as well as a systematic 1/N expansion of the quantum (two-particle-irreducible) effective action to next-to-leading order. When the mean self-interactions are repulsive, condensation occurs as a consequence of a universal inverse particle cascade to the zero-momentum mode with self-similar scaling behavior. For attractive mean self-interactions, the inverse cascade is absent, and the particle annihilation rate is enhanced compared to the repulsive case, which counteracts the formation of coherent field configurations. For N≥2, the presence of a nonvanishing conserved charge can suppress number-changing processes and lead to the formation of stable localized charge clumps, i.e., Q balls. 
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