Does antiretroviral treatment change HIV-1 codon usage patterns in its genes: a preliminary bioinformatics study
Background Codon usage bias has been described for various organisms and is thought to contribute to the regulation of numerous biological processes including viral infections. HIV-1 codon usage has been previously shown to be different from that of other viruses and man. It is evident that the anti...
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| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
7 January 2017
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| In: |
AIDS research and therapy
Year: 2017, Jahrgang: 14, Heft: 2, Pages: ? |
| ISSN: | 1742-6405 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12981-016-0130-y |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12981-016-0130-y Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5237184/ 
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| Verfasserangaben: | Navaneethan Palanisamy, Nathan Osman, Frédéric Ohnona, Hong-Tao Xu, Bluma Brenner, Thibault Mesplède and Mark A. Wainberg |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Does antiretroviral treatment change HIV-1 codon usage patterns in its genes |b a preliminary bioinformatics study |c Navaneethan Palanisamy, Nathan Osman, Frédéric Ohnona, Hong-Tao Xu, Bluma Brenner, Thibault Mesplède and Mark A. Wainberg |
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| 520 | |a Background Codon usage bias has been described for various organisms and is thought to contribute to the regulation of numerous biological processes including viral infections. HIV-1 codon usage has been previously shown to be different from that of other viruses and man. It is evident that the antiretroviral drugs used to restrict HIV-1 replication also select for resistance variants. We wanted to test whether codon frequencies in HIV-1 sequences from treatment-experienced patients differ from those of treatment-naive individuals due to drug pressure affecting codon usage bias.Results We developed a JavaScript to determine the codon frequencies of aligned nucleotide sequences. Irrespective of subtypes, using HIV-1 pol sequences from 532 treatment-naive and 52 treatment-experienced individuals, we found that pol sequences from treatment-experienced patients had significantly increased AGA (arginine; p = 0.0002***) and GGU (glycine; p = 0.0001***), and decreased AGG (arginine; p = 0.0001***) codon frequencies. The same pattern was not observed when subtypes B and C sequences were analyzed separately. Additionally, irrespective of subtypes, using HIV-1 gag sequences from 524 treatment-naive and 54 treatment-experienced individuals, gag sequences from treatment-experienced patients had significantly increased CUA (leucine; p < 0.0001***), CAG (glutamine; p = 0.0006***), AUC (isoleucine; p < 0.0001***) and UCU (serine; p = 0.0005***), and decreased AUA (isoleucine; p = 0.0003***) and CAA (glutamine; p = 0.0006***) codon frequencies.Conclusion Using pol and gag genes derived from the same HIV-1 genome, we show that antiretroviral therapy changed certain HIV-1 codon frequencies in a subtype specific way. | ||
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