High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia
Over the last decade the science and medicine of high altitude and hypoxia adaptation has seen great advances. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia addresses the challenges in dealing with the changes in human physiology and the particular medical conditions that arise from exposure to high al...
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
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| Dokumenttyp: | Book/Monograph |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY s.l.
Springer New York Imprint: Springer
2014
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| Schriftenreihe: | SpringerLink Bücher
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| DOI: | 10.1007/978-1-4614-8772-2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8772-2 Resolving-System, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8772-2 Cover: https://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz398199620cov.jpg 
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| Verfasserangaben: | edited by Erik R. Swenson, Peter Bärtsch |
Inhaltsangabe:
- Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of O 2 Sensing; The Evolution of Oxygen Sensing Systems; Systemic and Specialized Mammalian Oxygen Sensing Systems; Characteristics of an Oxygen Sensor; Definition of an Oxygen Sensor; Biophysical Properties of an O 2 Sensor; Proposed Models of O 2 Sensing; O 2 Sensing Heme Proteins; NAD(P)H (NOX) Oxidases; O 2 -Sensitive Ion Channels; Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and the Role of Prolyl Hydroxylases as O 2 Sensors; Nitric Oxide Participation in the O 2 Sensing Pathway Regulating HIF; Mitochondrial Oxygen Sensing
- The Mitochondrial ROS HypothesisHypoxia-Induced ROS Signaling in the Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space; Independent Confirmation of the Mitochondrial O 2 Sensing Hypothesis; Mitochondrial ROS Regulate AMPK Responses to Hypoxia; References; 2: Cellular and Molecular Defenses Against Hypoxia; Effects of Hypoxia on Transcription; Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription Factors: HIFs; Nuclear Factor Kappa B: NF-κB; Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Protein; Effects of Hypoxia on Translation; Acute Cellular Responses to Hypoxia; Metabolic Changes; Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species
- Effects of Hypoxia on Cell Motility, Invasiveness, and DifferentiationChronic Responses to Hypoxia; Role of Erythropoietin; Tissue Protection by Hypoxic Preconditioning; Regulation of Iron Metabolism as Protective Mechanism; Induction of Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodelling; Conclusions; References; 3: Control of Breathing; Ventilatory Acclimatization to High Altitude and the Increase in the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response; Mechanisms Contributing to VAH; Role of Carotid Bodies and Peripheral Chemoreceptors; Crucial Role of the Carotid Bodies in VAH; Oxygen Sensing in the Carotid Bodies
- Neurochemical and Membrane Ion Channel AdaptationsMorphological Changes in the Carotid Bodies; Role of Central Nervous System Changes to HVR and VAH; Role of Carotid Bodies in CO 2 Sensitivity; Role of Acid-Base Status and Central Chemoreceptors?; Conclusion; References; 4: Lung Function and Gas Exchange; Introduction; Pulmonary Function; Spirometry and Lung Volumes; Closing Volume and Closing Capacity; Diffusion Capacity; Airways Resistance; Airway Hyperresponsiveness; Respiratory Muscle Strength; Lung Compliance; Work of Breathing; Extravascular Lung Water at High Altitude; Gas Exchange
- OverviewOxygen Availability; Barometric Pressure Variation; Resting Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Arterial Blood Gases; Gas Exchange Efficiency: The Alveolar-Arterial Difference; Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality; Diffusion Limitation; Shunt; Hemoglobin Saturation; Differences Between Field Studies and Chamber Studies; Pulmonary Gas Exchange During Exercise; Arterial Blood Gases; Gas Exchange Efficiency; Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality; Diffusion Limitation; Special Considerations; High Altitude Peoples; Exposure to High Altitude During Growth and Development
- The Effect of Lifelong High Altitude Exposure on Pulmonary Gas Exchange