The neurobiology of circadian timing
How rod, cone, and melanopsin photoreceptors come together to enlighten the mammalian circadian clock -- Melanopsin phototransduction: Slowly emerging from the dark -- Circadian clocks: Lessons from fish -- Two clocks in the brain: An update of the morning and evening oscillator model in Drosophila...
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| Other Authors: | |
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| Format: | Conference Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam Boston
Elsevier
2012
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| Series: | Progress in brain research
volume 199 |
| Volumes / Articles: | Show Volumes / Articles. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/00796123/199 Verlag, Volltext: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444594273 Verlag, Volltext: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/00796123/199 
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| Author Notes: | edited by Andries Kalsbeek ... [et al.] |
Table of Contents:
- How rod, cone, and melanopsin photoreceptors come together to enlighten the mammalian circadian clockMelanopsin phototransduction: Slowly emerging from the dark
- Circadian clocks: Lessons from fish
- Two clocks in the brain: An update of the morning and evening oscillator model in Drosophila
- Circadian system from conception till adulthood
- When does it start ticking? Ontogenetic development of the mammalian circadian system
- The circadian output signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus: Cellular clocks and networks
- Dynamic neuronal network organization of the circadian clock and possible deterioration in disease
- Interaction of central and peripheral clocks in physiological regulation
- Circadian rhythms in white adipose tissue
- Circadian modulation of sleep in rodents
- Local aspects of sleep: Observations from intracerebral recordings in humans
- The circadian clock component PERIOD2: From molecular to cerebral functions
- Generation of mouse mutants as tools in dissecting the molecular clock
- In search of a temporal niche: Social interactions
- In search of a temporal niche: Environmental factors
- Feedback actions of locomotor activity to the circadian clock
- The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function
- Nutrition and the circadian timing system
- Managing neurobehavioral capability when social expediency trumps biological imperatives
- Noisy and individual, but doable: Shift-work research in humans
- The evolutionary physiology of photoperiodism in vertebrates
- A kiss for daily and seasonal reproduction
- Circannual rhythm in the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci
- Avian migration: Temporal multitasking and a case study of melatonin cycles in waders.
- Front Cover; The Neurobiology of Circadian Timing; Copyright; List of Contributors; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: How rod, cone, and melanopsin photoreceptors come together to enlighten the mammalian circadian clock; Methods of study; Relying on rods; Inconstant cones; Melanopsin; A conceptual model; Assumptions, implications, and uncertainties; The role of cones; Temporal frequency tuning of melanopsin; Photoreceptor sensitivity ranges; Moving from input to output; Summary and conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Melanopsin phototransduction: Slowly emerging from the dark; Introduction
- pRGC subtypesFunctional differences between pRGC subtypes; Retinal connections; pRGC subtypes mediate different physiological responses to light; Melanopsin phototransduction; Step 1: Light absorption by melanopsin photopigment; Step 2: Activation of a G-protein signaling pathway; Step 3: Phospholipase C activation; Step 4: TRP channel activation; Step 5: Activation of voltage-gated ion channels and action potential firing; Gaps in the current model of melanopsin phototransduction; Role of protein kinases: Desensitization, adaptation, and termination of melanopsin signaling; Scaffold proteins
- Gβ subunitsVariable responses in pRGCs; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 3: Circadian clocks: Lessons from fish; Introduction; Zebrafish: A genetic model species; A model for studying embryonic development; Chronobiology and the zebrafish; Zebrafish and the vertebrate core clock mechanism; Searching for new clock genes using zebrafish; Multiple clock genes in fish; Starting the clock during development; Light-entrainable peripheral clocks; Light-inducible clock gene expression; Blind cavefish reveal circadian clock photoreceptors; Concluding remarks; Acknowledgments
- ReferencesChapter 4: Two clocks in the brain: An update of the morning and evening oscillator model in Drosophila; Introduction; The dual oscillator model; The clock network in the Drosophila brain and the possibility to manipulate selected clock neurons; The original studies of Stoleru et al. (2004) and Grima et al. (2004); Dominance of the M cells under short days and of the E cells under long days; Light activates output from the E cells and inhibits output from the M cells; Light accelerates the M cells and decelerates the E cells
- M and E oscillators under moonlit nights and constant moonlightFlies adapting to different photoperiods; Simulation of dawn and dusk; Adaptation of the clock to different photoperiods occurs via light input through the photoreceptor organs and not via CRY; The PDF-positive l-LNvs play a crucial role in mediating light input from the eyes; The effects of temperature on M and E oscillators; Flies under natural-like temperature cycles; Interaction of light and temperature; The dual oscillator model appears too simple; E cells alone can drive two or even more activity components
- Under certain circumstances, M cells alone can also drive two activity components