Concomitant oral anticoagulant and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used medications that can potentially increase the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. - Objectives - This study quantified the effect of NSAIDs in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy) trial. - Metho...

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Main Authors: Kent, Anthony (Author) , Brückmann, Martina (Author) , Fraessdorf, Mandy (Author) , Connolly, Stuart J. (Author) , Yusuf, Salim (Author) , Eikelboom, John W. (Author) , Oldgren, Jonas (Author) , Reilly, Paul A. (Author) , Wallentin, Lars (Author) , Ezekowitz, Michael D. (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 9 July 2018
In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Year: 2018, Volume: 72, Issue: 3, Pages: 255-267
ISSN:1558-3597
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.063
Online Access:Verlag, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.063
Verlag, Volltext: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718348265
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Author Notes:Anthony P. Kent, Martina Brueckmann, Mandy Fraessdorf, Stuart J. Connolly, Salim Yusuf, John W. Eikelboom, Jonas Oldgren, Paul A. Reilly, Lars Wallentin, Michael D. Ezekowitz

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520 |a Background - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used medications that can potentially increase the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. - Objectives - This study quantified the effect of NSAIDs in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy) trial. - Methods - This was a post hoc analysis of NSAIDs in the RE-LY study, which compared dabigatran etexilate (DE) 150 and 110 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Treatment-independent, multivariate-adjusted Cox regression analysis assessed clinical outcomes by comparing NSAID use with no NSAID use. Interaction analysis was obtained from treatment-dependent Cox regression modeling. Time-varying covariate analysis for NSAID use was applied to the Cox model. - Results - Among 18,113 patients in the RE-LY study, 2,279 patients used NSAIDs at least once during the trial. Major bleeding was significantly elevated with NSAID use (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40 to 2.02; p < 0.0001). NSAID use did not significantly alter the risk of major bleeding for DE 150 or 110 mg b.i.d. relative to warfarin (pinteraction = 0.63 and 0.93, respectively). Gastrointestinal major bleeding was significantly elevated with NSAID use (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.43; p < 0.0001). The rate of stroke or systemic embolism (stroke/SE) with NSAID use was significantly elevated (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.01; p = 0.007). The use of NSAIDs did not significantly alter the relative efficacy on stroke/SE for DE 150 or 110 mg b.i.d. relative to warfarin (pinteraction = 0.59 and 0.54, respectively). Myocardial infarction rates were similar with NSAID use compared with no NSAID use (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.93; p = 0.40). Patients were more frequently hospitalized if they used an NSAID (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.51 to 1.77; p < 0.0001). - Conclusions - The use of NSAIDs was associated with increased risk of major bleeding, stroke/SE, and hospitalization. The safety and efficacy of DE 150 and 110 mg b.i.d. relative to warfarin were not altered. (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy [RE-LY]; NCT00262600) 
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