Interleukin 21 receptor/ligand interaction is linked to disease progression in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a marked fibro-inflammatory microenvironment in which infiltrated immune cells fail to eliminate the tumor cells and often—rather paradoxically—promote tumor progression. Of special interest are tumor-promoting T cells that assume...

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Main Authors: Linnebacher, Alica (Author) , Mayer, Philipp (Author) , Marnet, Nicole (Author) , Bergmann, Frank (Author) , Herpel, Esther (Author) , Revia, Steffie (Author) , Yin, Libo (Author) , Liu, Li (Author) , Hackert, Thilo (Author) , Giese, Thomas (Author) , Herr, Ingrid (Author) , Gaida, Matthias (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 18 September 2019
In: Cells
Year: 2019, Volume: 8, Issue: 9, Pages: 1-18
ISSN:2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells8091104
Online Access:Verlag, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8091104
Verlag: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/9/1104
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Author Notes:Alica Linnebacher, Philipp Mayer, Nicole Marnet, Frank Bergmann, Esther Herpel, Steffie Revia, Libo Yin, Li Liu, Thilo Hackert, Thomas Giese, Ingrid Herr and Matthias M. Gaida

MARC

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520 |a Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a marked fibro-inflammatory microenvironment in which infiltrated immune cells fail to eliminate the tumor cells and often—rather paradoxically—promote tumor progression. Of special interest are tumor-promoting T cells that assume a Th17-like phenotype because their presence in PDAC tissue is associated with a poor prognosis. In that context, the role of IL-21, a major cytokine released by Th17-like cells, was assessed. In all tissue samples (n = 264) IL-21+ immune cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and high density of those cells was associated with poor prognosis. In the majority of patients (221/264), tumor cells expressed the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R) and also a downstream target of IL-21, Blimp-1 (199/264). Blimp-1 expression closely correlated with IL-21R expression and multivariate analysis revealed that expression of both IL-21R and Blimp-1 was associated with shorter survival time of the patients. In vitro data using pancreatic tumor cells lines provided a possible explanation: IL-21 activated ERK and STAT3 pathways and upregulated Blimp-1. Moreover, IL-21 increased invasion of tumor cell lines in a Blimp-1-dependent manner. As an in vivo correlate, an avian xenograft model was used. Here again Blimp-1 expression was significantly upregulated in IL-21 stimulated tumor cells. In summary, our data showed an association of IL-21+ immune cell infiltration and IL-21 receptor expression in PDAC with poor survival, most likely due to an IL-21-mediated promotion of tumor cell invasion and enhanced colony formation, supporting the notion of the tumor-promoting abilities of the tumor microenvironment. 
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