Associations with intraocular pressure across Europe: The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium

Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for developing glaucoma, the second commonest cause of blindness globally. Understanding associations with IOP and variations in IOP between countries may teach us about mechanisms underlying glaucoma. We examined cross-sectional as...

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Main Authors: Khawaja, Anthony P. (Author) , Mirshahi, Alireza (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 9 September 2016
In: European journal of epidemiology
Year: 2016, Volume: 31, Issue: 11, Pages: 1101-1111
ISSN:1573-7284
DOI:10.1007/s10654-016-0191-1
Online Access:Verlag, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0191-1
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Author Notes:Anthony P. Khawaja, Henriët Springelkamp, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Cécile Delcourt, Albert Hofman, René Höhn, Adriana I. Iglesias, Roger C. W. Wolfs, Jean-François Korobelnik, Rufino Silva, Fotis Topouzis, Katie M. Williams, Alain M. Bron, Gabriëlle H. S. Buitendijk, Maria da Luz Cachulo, Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, Jean-François Dartigues, Christopher J. Hammond, Norbert Pfeiffer, Angeliki Salonikiou, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Johannes R. Vingerling, Robert N. Luben, Alireza Mirshahi, Julia Lamparter, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Nomdo M. Jansonius, Paul J. Foster, Niyazi Acar, Eleftherios Anastosopoulos, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Arthur Bergen, Geir Bertelsen, Christine Binquet, Alan Bird, Lionel Brétillon, Alain Bron, Gabrielle Buitendijk, Maria Luz Cachulo, Usha Chakravarthy, Michelle Chan, Petrus Chang, Annemarie Colijn, Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Philippa Cumberland, José Cunha-Vaz, Vincent Daien, Gabor Deak, Cécile Delcourt, Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, Anneke den Hollander, Martha Dietzel, Maja Gran Erke, Sascha Fauser, Robert Finger, Astrid Fletcher, Paul Foster, Panayiota Founti, Arno Göbel, Theo Gorgels, Jakob Grauslund, Franz Grus, Christopher Hammond, Catherine Helmer, Hans-Werner Hense, Manuel Hermann, René Hoehn, Ruth Hogg, Frank Holz, Carel Hoyng, Nomdo Jansonius, Sarah Janssen, Anthony Khawaja, Caroline Klaver, Jean-François Korobelnik, Julia Lamparter, Mélanie Le Goff, Sergio Leal, Yara Lechanteur, Terho Lehtimäki, Andrew Lotery, Irene Leung, Matthias Mauschitz, Bénédicte Merle, Verena Meyer zu Westrup, Edoardo Midena, Stefania Miotto, Alireza Mirshahi, Sadek Mohan-Saïd, Alyson Muldrew, Michael Mueller, Sandrina Nunes, Konrad Oexle, Tunde Peto, Stefano Piermarocchi, Elena Prokofyeva, Jugnoo Rahi, Olli Raitakari, Luisa Ribeiro, Marie-Bénédicte Rougier, José Sahel, Aggeliki Salonikiou, Clarisa Sanchez, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Cédric Schweitzer, Tatiana Segato, Jasmin Shehata, Rufino Silva, Giuliana Silvestri, Christian Simader, Eric Souied, Henriet Springelkamp, Robyn Tapp, Fotis Topouzis, Virginie Verhoeven, Therese Von Hanno, Stela Vujosevic, Katie Williams, Christian Wolfram, Jennifer Yip, Jennyfer Zerbib, Isabella Zwiener, On behalf of the European Eye Epidemiology (E³) Consortium

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520 |a Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for developing glaucoma, the second commonest cause of blindness globally. Understanding associations with IOP and variations in IOP between countries may teach us about mechanisms underlying glaucoma. We examined cross-sectional associations with IOP in 43,500 European adults from 12 cohort studies belonging to the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium. Each study conducted multivariable linear regression with IOP as the outcome variable and results were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. The association of standardized study IOP with latitude was tested using meta-regression. Higher IOP was observed in men (0.18 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.06, 0.31; P = 0.004) and with higher body mass index (0.21 mmHg per 5 kg/m2; 95 % CI 0.14, 0.28; P < 0.001), shorter height (−0.17 mmHg per 10 cm; 95 % CI -0.25, −0.08; P < 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (0.17 mmHg per 10 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.12, 0.22; P < 0.001) and more myopic refraction (0.06 mmHg per Dioptre; 95 % CI 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). An inverted U-shaped trend was observed between age and IOP, with IOP increasing up to the age of 60 and decreasing in participants older than 70 years. We found no significant association between standardized IOP and study location latitude (P = 0.76). Novel findings of our study include the association of lower IOP in taller people and an inverted-U shaped association of IOP with age. We found no evidence of significant variation in IOP across Europe. Despite the limited range of latitude amongst included studies, this finding is in favour of collaborative pooling of data from studies examining environmental and genetic determinants of IOP in Europeans. 
650 4 |a Blood pressure 
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650 4 |a Epidemiology 
650 4 |a Glaucoma 
650 4 |a Intraocular pressure 
650 4 |a Refractive errors 
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