The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: the He I triplet at 10830 Å across the M dwarf sequence
The He I infrared (IR) triplet at 10 830 Å is an important activity indicator for the Sun and in solar-type stars, however, it has rarely been studied in relation to M dwarfs to date. In this study, we use the time-averaged spectra of 319 single stars with spectral types ranging from M0.0 V to M9.0...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
25 November 2019
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| In: |
Astronomy and astrophysics
Year: 2019, Volume: 632 |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/201936193 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936193 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2019/12/aa36193-19/aa36193-19.html 
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| Author Notes: | B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, L. Hildebrandt, E. Nagel, J.H.M.M. Schmitt, D. Hintz, E.N. Johnson, J. Sanz-Forcada, P. Schöfer, S.V. Jeffers, J.A. Caballero, M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners, I. Ribas, P.J. Amado, A. Quirrenbach, F.F. Bauer, V.J.S. Béjar, M. Cortés-Contreras, E. Díez-Alonso, S. Dreizler, D. Galadí-Enríquez, E.W. Guenther, A. Kaminski, M. Kürster, M. Lafarga, and D. Montes |
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| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs |b the He I triplet at 10830 Å across the M dwarf sequence |c B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, L. Hildebrandt, E. Nagel, J.H.M.M. Schmitt, D. Hintz, E.N. Johnson, J. Sanz-Forcada, P. Schöfer, S.V. Jeffers, J.A. Caballero, M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners, I. Ribas, P.J. Amado, A. Quirrenbach, F.F. Bauer, V.J.S. Béjar, M. Cortés-Contreras, E. Díez-Alonso, S. Dreizler, D. Galadí-Enríquez, E.W. Guenther, A. Kaminski, M. Kürster, M. Lafarga, and D. Montes |
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| 520 | |a The He I infrared (IR) triplet at 10 830 Å is an important activity indicator for the Sun and in solar-type stars, however, it has rarely been studied in relation to M dwarfs to date. In this study, we use the time-averaged spectra of 319 single stars with spectral types ranging from M0.0 V to M9.0 V obtained with the CARMENES high resolution optical and near-infrared spectrograph at Calar Alto to study the properties of the He I IR triplet lines. In quiescence, we find the triplet in absorption with a decrease of the measured pseudo equivalent width (pEW) towards later sub-types. For stars later than M5.0 V, the He I triplet becomes undetectable in our study. This dependence on effective temperature may be related to a change in chromospheric conditions along the M dwarf sequence. When an emission in the triplet is observed, we attribute it to flaring. The absence of emission during quiescence is consistent with line formation by photo-ionisation and recombination, while flare emission may be caused by collisions within dense material. The He I triplet tends to increase in depth according to increasing activity levels, ultimately becoming filled in; however, we do not find a correlation between the pEW(He IR) and X-ray properties. This behaviour may be attributed to the absence of very inactive stars (<i>L<i/><sub>X<sub/>∕<i>L<i/><sub>bol<sub/> < −5.5) in our sample or to the complex behaviour with regard to increasing depth and filling in. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Czesla, S. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hildebrandt, L. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nagel, E. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schmitt, J. H. M. M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hintz, D. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Johnson, E. N. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sanz-Forcada, J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schöfer, P. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jeffers, S. V. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Caballero, J. A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zechmeister, M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Reiners, A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ribas, I. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Amado, P. J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Béjar, V. J. S. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cortés-Contreras, M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Díez-Alonso, E. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dreizler, S. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Galadí-Enríquez, D. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guenther, E. W. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kaminski, Adrian |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1043913025 |0 (DE-627)77104321X |0 (DE-576)396019099 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kürster, M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lafarga, M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Montes, D. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
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