Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO
In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various MPPC featur...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
18 June 2019
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| In: |
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment
Year: 2019, Volume: 940, Pages: 371-379 |
| ISSN: | 1872-9576 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900219308034 
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| Author Notes: | G. Gallina, P. Giampa, F. Retière, J. Kroeger, G. Zhang, M. Ward, P. Margetak, G. Li, T. Tsang, L. Doria, S. Al Kharusi, M. Alfaris, G. Anton, I.J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P.S. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, J. Blatchford, J.P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, G.F. Cao, L. Cao, W.R. Cen, C. Chambers, S.A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, A. Craycraft, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S.J. Daugherty, A. De St. Croix, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, J. Dilling, Y.Y. Ding, M.J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, M. Heffner, E.W. Hoppe, J. Hößl, A. House, M. Hughes, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, M. J. Jewell, X.S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L.J. Kaufman, D. Kodroff, T. Koffas, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K.S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, B.G. Lenardo, D.S. Leonard, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y.H. Lin, P. Lv, R. MacLellan, T. McElroy, M. Medina-Peregrina, T. Michel, B. Mong, D.C. Moore, K. Murray, P. Nakarmi, R.J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, K. Odgers, A. Odian, M. Oriunno, J.L. Orrell, G.S. Ortega, I. Ostrovskiy, C.T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J. -F. Pratte, D. Qiu, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, S. Rescia, M. Richman, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P.C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, K. Skarpaas, A.K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X.L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, T.I. Totev, R. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J. -L. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Walent, Q. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Weber, W. Wei, L.J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S.X. Wu, W.H. Wu, X. Wu, Q. Xia, H. Yang, L. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, Y. Zhou, T. Ziegler |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO |c G. Gallina, P. Giampa, F. Retière, J. Kroeger, G. Zhang, M. Ward, P. Margetak, G. Li, T. Tsang, L. Doria, S. Al Kharusi, M. Alfaris, G. Anton, I.J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P.S. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, J. Blatchford, J.P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, G.F. Cao, L. Cao, W.R. Cen, C. Chambers, S.A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, A. Craycraft, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S.J. Daugherty, A. De St. Croix, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, J. Dilling, Y.Y. Ding, M.J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, M. Heffner, E.W. Hoppe, J. Hößl, A. House, M. Hughes, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, A. Jamil, M. J. Jewell, X.S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L.J. Kaufman, D. Kodroff, T. Koffas, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K.S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, B.G. Lenardo, D.S. Leonard, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y.H. Lin, P. Lv, R. MacLellan, T. McElroy, M. Medina-Peregrina, T. Michel, B. Mong, D.C. Moore, K. Murray, P. Nakarmi, R.J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, K. Odgers, A. Odian, M. Oriunno, J.L. Orrell, G.S. Ortega, I. Ostrovskiy, C.T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J. -F. Pratte, D. Qiu, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, S. Rescia, M. Richman, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P.C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, K. Skarpaas, A.K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X.L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, T.I. Totev, R. Tsang, F. Vachon, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J. -L. Vuilleumier, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Walent, Q. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Weber, W. Wei, L.J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S.X. Wu, W.H. Wu, X. Wu, Q. Xia, H. Yang, L. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, Y. Zhou, T. Ziegler |
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| 520 | |a In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various MPPC features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. MPPCs were characterized in the range 163K≤T≤233K. At an over voltage of 3.1±0.2 V and at T=163K we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the 1μs interval following the trigger pulse of 0.161±0.005. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is 0.137±0.002Hz/mm2. Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at T=233K for a mean wavelength of 189±7nm. At 3.6±0.2 V and 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage we report a PDE of 13.4±2.6% and 11±2%, corresponding to a saturation PDE of 14.8±2.8% and 12.2±2.3%, respectively. Both values are well below the 24% saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF Silicon Photo-Multipliers for the final design of the nEXO detector. | ||
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