Calming effects of touch in human, animal, and robotic interaction: scientific state-of-the-art and technical advances

Small everyday gestures such as a tap on the shoulder can affect the way humans feel and act. Touch can have a calming effect and alter the way stress is handled, thereby promoting mental and physical health. Due to current technical advances and the growing role of intelligent robots in households...

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Main Authors: Eckstein, Monika (Author) , Mamaev, Ilshat (Author) , Ditzen, Beate (Author) , Sailer, Uta (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 04 November 2020
In: Frontiers in psychiatry
Year: 2020, Volume: 11
ISSN:1664-0640
DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555058
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555058
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555058/full
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Author Notes:Monika Eckstein, Ilshat Mamaev, Beate Ditzen and Uta Sailer

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520 |a Small everyday gestures such as a tap on the shoulder can affect the way humans feel and act. Touch can have a calming effect and alter the way stress is handled, thereby promoting mental and physical health. Due to current technical advances and the growing role of intelligent robots in households and health care, recent research also addressed the potential of robotic touch for stress reduction. In addition, touch by non-human agents such as animals or inanimate objects may have a calming effect. This conceptual article will review a selection of the most relevant studies reporting physiological, hormonal, neural, and subjective effects of touch on stress, arousal, and negative affect. Robotic systems capable of non-social touch will be assessed together with control strategies and sensor technologies. Parallels and differences of human-to-human touch and human-to-non-human touch will be discussed. We propose that, under appropriate conditions, touch can act as (social) signal for safety, even when the interaction partner is an animal or a machine. We will also outline potential directions for future research and clinical relevance. Thereby, this review can provide a foundation for further investigations into the beneficial contribution of touch by different agents to regulate negative affect and arousal in humans. 
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