Are further cross section measurements necessary for space radiation protection or ion therapy applications?: Helium projectiles
The helium (4He) component of the primary particles in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectrum makes significant contributions to total astronaut radiation exposure. $^4$He projectile ions are also desirable for direct applications in ion therapy. They contribute smaller projectile fragmentation comp...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
30 November 2020
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| In: |
Frontiers in physics
Year: 2020, Volume: 8, Pages: 1-30 |
| ISSN: | 2296-424X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fphy.2020.565954 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.565954 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.565954/full 
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| Author Notes: | John W. Norbury, Giuseppe Battistoni, Judith Besuglow, Luca Bocchini, Daria Boscolo, Alexander Botvina, Martha Clowdsley, Wouter de Wet, Marco Durante, Martina Giraudo, Thomas Haberer, Lawrence Heilbronn, Felix Horst, Michael Krämer, Chiara La Tessa, Francesca Luoni, Andrea Mairani, Silvia Muraro, Ryan B. Norman, Vincenzo Patera, Giovanni Santin, Christoph Schuy, Lembit Sihver, Tony C. Slaba, Nikolai Sobolevsky, Albana Topi, Uli Weber, Charles M. Werneth and Cary Zeitlin |
| Summary: | The helium (4He) component of the primary particles in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectrum makes significant contributions to total astronaut radiation exposure. $^4$He projectile ions are also desirable for direct applications in ion therapy. They contribute smaller projectile fragmentation compared to Carbon (12C) ions and smaller lateral beam spreading compared to protons. Space radiation protection and ion therapy applications need reliable nuclear reaction models and transport codes for energetic particles in matter. Neutrons and light ions (1H, 2H, 3H, 3He, 4He) are the most important secondary particles produced in space radiation and ion therapy nuclear reactions; these particles penetrate deeply and make large contributions to dose equivalent. Since neutrons and light ions may scatter at large angles, double differential cross sections are required by transport codes that propagate radiation fields through radiation shielding and human tissue. This work will review the importance of 4He projectiles to space radiation and ion therapy, and outline the present status of neutron and light ion production cross section measurements and modeling, with recommendations for future needs. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 21.01.2021 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 2296-424X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fphy.2020.565954 |