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The lifecycle of molecular clouds in nearby star-forming disc galaxies

It remains a major challenge to derive a theory of cloud-scale (≲100 pc) star formation and feedback, describing how galaxies convert gas into stars as a function of the galactic environment. Progress has been hampered by a lack of robust empirical constraints on the giant molecular cloud (GMC) life...

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Main Authors: Chevance, Mélanie (Author) , Kruijssen, Diederik (Author) , Hygate, Alexander P. S. (Author) , Schruba, Andreas (Author) , Longmore, Steven N (Author) , Groves, Brent (Author) , Henshaw, Jonathan D. (Author) , Herrera, Cinthya N (Author) , Hughes, Annie (Author) , Jeffreson, Sarah (Author) , Lang, Philipp (Author) , Leroy, Adam K (Author) , Meidt, Sharon E. (Author) , Pety, Jérôme (Author) , Razza, Alessandro (Author) , Rosolowsky, Erik (Author) , Schinnerer, Eva (Author) , Bigiel, Frank (Author) , Blanc, Guillermo A (Author) , Emsellem, Eric (Author) , Faesi, Christopher M (Author) , Glover, Simon (Author) , Haydon, Daniel T. (Author) , Ho, I-Ting (Author) , Kreckel, Kathryn (Author) , Lee, Janice C (Author) , Liu, Daizhong (Author) , Querejeta, Miguel (Author) , Saito, Toshiki (Author) , Sun, Jiayi (Author) , Usero, Antonio (Author) , Utomo, Dyas (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 2020
In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Year: 2020, Volume: 493, Issue: 2, Pages: 2872-2909
ISSN:1365-2966
DOI:10.1093/mnras/stz3525
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3525
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Author Notes:Mélanie Chevance, JM Diederik Kruijssen, Alexander PS Hygate, Andreas Schruba, Steven N Longmore, Brent Groves, Jonathan D Henshaw, Cinthya N Herrera, Annie Hughes, Sarah MR Jeffreson, Philipp Lang, Adam K Leroy, Sharon E Meidt, Jérôme Pety, Alessandro Razza, Erik Rosolowsky, Eva Schinnerer, Frank Bigiel, Guillermo A Blanc, Eric Emsellem, Christopher M Faesi, Simon CO Glover, Daniel T Haydon, I-Ting Ho, Kathryn Kreckel, Janice C Lee, Daizhong Liu, Miguel Querejeta, Toshiki Saito, Jiayi Sun, Antonio Usero and Dyas Utomo

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520 |a It remains a major challenge to derive a theory of cloud-scale (≲100 pc) star formation and feedback, describing how galaxies convert gas into stars as a function of the galactic environment. Progress has been hampered by a lack of robust empirical constraints on the giant molecular cloud (GMC) lifecycle. We address this problem by systematically applying a new statistical method for measuring the evolutionary timeline of the GMC lifecycle, star formation, and feedback to a sample of nine nearby disc galaxies, observed as part of the PHANGS-ALMA survey. We measure the spatially resolved (∼100 pc) CO-to-H α flux ratio and find a universal de-correlation between molecular gas and young stars on GMC scales, allowing us to quantify the underlying evolutionary timeline. GMC lifetimes are short, typically $10\!-\!30\,{\rm Myr}$, and exhibit environmental variation, between and within galaxies. At kpc-scale molecular gas surface densities ΣH2≥8M⊙pc−2, the GMC lifetime correlates with time-scales for galactic dynamical processes, whereas at ΣH2≤8M⊙pc−2 GMCs decouple from galactic dynamics and live for an internal dynamical time-scale. After a long inert phase without massive star formation traced by H α (75-90 per cent of the cloud lifetime), GMCs disperse within just 1-5 Myr once massive stars emerge. The dispersal is most likely due to early stellar feedback, causing GMCs to achieve integrated star formation efficiencies of 4-10 per cent. These results show that galactic star formation is governed by cloud-scale, environmentally dependent, dynamical processes driving rapid evolutionary cycling. GMCs and H ii regions are the fundamental units undergoing these lifecycles, with mean separations of 100−300 pc in star-forming discs. Future work should characterize the multiscale physics and mass flows driving these lifecycles. 
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