αβ/γδ T cell lineage outcome is regulated by intrathymic cell localization and environmental signals

αβ and γδ T cells are two distinct sublineages that develop in the vertebrate thymus. Thus far, their differentiation from a common progenitor is mostly understood to be regulated by intrinsic mechanisms. However, the proportion of αβ/γδ T cells varies in different vertebrate taxa. How this process...

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Main Authors: Aghaallaei, Nargessadat (Author) , Dick, Advaita M. (Author) , Tsingos, Erika (Author) , Inoue, Daigo (Author) , Hasel, Eva Mareike (Author) , Thumberger, Thomas (Author) , Toyoda, Atsushi (Author) , Leptin, Maria (Author) , Wittbrodt, Joachim (Author) , Bajoghli, Baubak (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 14 July 2021
In: Science advances
Year: 2021, Volume: 7, Issue: 29, Pages: 1-13
ISSN:2375-2548
DOI:10.1126/sciadv.abg3613
Online Access:Resolving-System, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3613
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/29/eabg3613
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Author Notes:Narges Aghaallaei, Advaita M. Dick, Erika Tsingos, Daigo Inoue, Eva Hasel, Thomas Thumberger, Atsushi Toyoda, Maria Leptin, Joachim Wittbrodt, Baubak Bajoghli

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520 |a αβ and γδ T cells are two distinct sublineages that develop in the vertebrate thymus. Thus far, their differentiation from a common progenitor is mostly understood to be regulated by intrinsic mechanisms. However, the proportion of αβ/γδ T cells varies in different vertebrate taxa. How this process is regulated in species that tend to produce a high frequency of γδ T cells is unstudied. Using an in vivo teleost model, the medaka, we report that progenitors first enter a thymic niche where their development into γδ T cells is favored. Translocation from this niche, mediated by chemokine receptor Ccr9b, is a prerequisite for their differentiation into αβ T cells. On the other hand, the thymic niche also generates opposing gradients of the cytokine interleukin-7 and chemokine Ccl25a, and, together, they influence the lineage outcome. We propose a previously unknown mechanism that determines the proportion of αβ/γδ lineages within species. - The level of γδ T cells varies between species because of differences in cellular dynamics and signals from thymic niche. - The level of γδ T cells varies between species because of differences in cellular dynamics and signals from thymic niche. 
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