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Detection of Fe and evidence for TiO in the dayside emission spectrum of WASP-33b

Theoretical studies predict the presence of thermal inversions in the atmosphere of highly irradiated gas giant planets. Recent observations have identified these inversion layers. However, the role of different chemical species in their formation remains unclear. Aims. We search for the signature o...

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Main Authors: Cont, David (Author) , Yan, F. (Author) , Reiners, A. (Author) , Casasayas-Barris, N. (Author) , Mollière, Paul Maurice (Author) , Palle, E. (Author) , Henning, Thomas (Author) , Nortmann, L. (Author) , Stangret, M. (Author) , Czesla, S. (Author) , Lopez-Puertas, M. (Author) , Sanchez-Lopez, A. (Author) , Rodler, F. (Author) , Ribas, I. (Author) , Quirrenbach, Andreas (Author) , Caballero, J. A. (Author) , Amado, P. J. (Author) , Carone, Ludmila (Author) , Khaimova, J. (Author) , Kreidberg, L. (Author) , Molaverdikhani, Karan (Author) , Montes, D. (Author) , Morello, G. (Author) , Nagel, E. (Author) , Oshagh, M. (Author) , Zechmeister, M. (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 07 July 2021
In: Astronomy and astrophysics
Year: 2021, Volume: 651, Pages: 1-20
ISSN:1432-0746
DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/202140732
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140732
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=DOISource&SrcApp=WOS&KeyAID=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202140732&DestApp=DOI&SrcAppSID=E1X5vOEJLMRaS6YN2dX&SrcJTitle=ASTRONOMY+%26+ASTROPHYSICS&DestDOIRegistrantName=EDP+Sciences
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Author Notes:D. Cont, F. Yan, A. Reiners, N. Casasayas-Barris, P. Molliere, E. Palle, Th. Henning, L. Nortmann, M. Stangret, S. Czesla, M. Lopez-Puertas, A. Sanchez-Lopez, F. Rodler, I. Ribas, A. Quirrenbach, J.A. Caballero, P.J. Amado, L. Carone, J. Khaimova, L. Kreidberg, K. Molaverdikhani, D. Montes, G. Morello, E. Nagel, M. Oshagh, and M. Zechmeister

MARC

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245 1 0 |a Detection of Fe and evidence for TiO in the dayside emission spectrum of WASP-33b  |c D. Cont, F. Yan, A. Reiners, N. Casasayas-Barris, P. Molliere, E. Palle, Th. Henning, L. Nortmann, M. Stangret, S. Czesla, M. Lopez-Puertas, A. Sanchez-Lopez, F. Rodler, I. Ribas, A. Quirrenbach, J.A. Caballero, P.J. Amado, L. Carone, J. Khaimova, L. Kreidberg, K. Molaverdikhani, D. Montes, G. Morello, E. Nagel, M. Oshagh, and M. Zechmeister 
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520 |a Theoretical studies predict the presence of thermal inversions in the atmosphere of highly irradiated gas giant planets. Recent observations have identified these inversion layers. However, the role of different chemical species in their formation remains unclear. Aims. We search for the signature of the thermal inversion agents TiO and Fe in the dayside emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b. Methods. The spectra were obtained with CARMENES and HARPS-N, covering different wavelength ranges. Telluric and stellar absorption lines were removed with SYSREM. We cross-correlated the residual spectra with model spectra to retrieve the signals from the planetary atmosphere. Results. We find evidence for TiO at a significance of 4.9 sigma with CARMENES. The strength of the TiO signal drops close to the secondary eclipse. No TiO signal is found with HARPS-N. An injection-recovery test suggests that the TiO signal is below the detection level at the wavelengths covered by HARPS-N. The emission signature of Fe is detected with both instruments at significance levels of 5.7 sigma and 4.5 sigma, respectively. By combining all observations, we obtain a significance level of 7.3- for Fe. We find the TiO signal at Kp = 248:0+2:0 2:5 km s 1, which is in disagreement with the Fe detection at Kp = 225:0+4:0 3:5 km s 1. The Kp value for Fe is in agreement with prior investigations. The model spectra require different temperature profiles for TiO and Fe to match the observations. We observe a broader line profile for Fe than for TiO. Conclusions. Our results confirm the existence of a temperature inversion layer in the planetary atmosphere. The observed Kp offset and different strengths of broadening in the line profiles suggest the existence of a TiO-depleted hot spot in the planetary atmosphere. 
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650 4 |a giant exoplanet 
650 4 |a hot jupiters 
650 4 |a iron 
650 4 |a optical-transmission spectrum 
650 4 |a orbital motion 
650 4 |a phase curve 
650 4 |a planets and satellites: individual: WASP-33b 
650 4 |a planets and satellites: atmospheres 
650 4 |a spectroscopy 
650 4 |a techniques: spectroscopic 
650 4 |a thermal inversions 
650 4 |a transit 
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