Cardiac rehabilitation in German speaking countries of Europe: evidence-based guidelines from Germany, Austria and Switzerland LLKardReha-DACH : Part 1 : Review
Background: Although cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is well accepted in general, CR-attendance and delivery still considerably vary between the European countries. Moreover, clinical and prognostic effects of CR are not well established for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The guid...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
19 May 2021
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| In: |
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Year: 2021, Volume: 10, Issue: 10, Pages: 1-32 |
| ISSN: | 2077-0383 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/jcm10102192 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102192 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/10/2192 
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| Author Notes: | Bernhard Rauch, Annett Salzwedel, Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens, Christian Albus, Karin Meng, Jean-Paul Schmid, Werner Benzer, Matthes Hackbusch, Katrin Jensen, Bernhard Schwaab, Johann Altenberger, Nicola Benjamin, Kurt Bestehorn, Christa Bongarth, Gesine Dörr, Sarah Eichler, Hans-Peter Einwang, Johannes Falk, Johannes Glatz, Stephan Gielen, Maurizio Grilli, Ekkehard Grünig, Manju Guha, Matthias Hermann, Eike Hoberg, Stefan Höfer, Harald Kaemmerer, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Wolfgang Mayer-Berger, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Roland Nebel, Rhoia Clara Neidenbach, Josef Niebauer, Uwe Nixdorff, Renate Oberhoffer, Rona Reibis, Nils Reiss, Daniel Saure, Axel Schlitt, Heinz Völler, Roland von Känel, Susanne Weinbrenner, Ronja Westphal |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cardiac rehabilitation in German speaking countries of Europe |b evidence-based guidelines from Germany, Austria and Switzerland LLKardReha-DACH : Part 1 : Review |c Bernhard Rauch, Annett Salzwedel, Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens, Christian Albus, Karin Meng, Jean-Paul Schmid, Werner Benzer, Matthes Hackbusch, Katrin Jensen, Bernhard Schwaab, Johann Altenberger, Nicola Benjamin, Kurt Bestehorn, Christa Bongarth, Gesine Dörr, Sarah Eichler, Hans-Peter Einwang, Johannes Falk, Johannes Glatz, Stephan Gielen, Maurizio Grilli, Ekkehard Grünig, Manju Guha, Matthias Hermann, Eike Hoberg, Stefan Höfer, Harald Kaemmerer, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Wolfgang Mayer-Berger, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Roland Nebel, Rhoia Clara Neidenbach, Josef Niebauer, Uwe Nixdorff, Renate Oberhoffer, Rona Reibis, Nils Reiss, Daniel Saure, Axel Schlitt, Heinz Völler, Roland von Känel, Susanne Weinbrenner, Ronja Westphal |
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| 520 | |a Background: Although cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is well accepted in general, CR-attendance and delivery still considerably vary between the European countries. Moreover, clinical and prognostic effects of CR are not well established for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The guidelines address all aspects of CR including indications, contents and delivery. By processing the guidelines, every step was externally supervised and moderated by independent members of the “Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany” (AWMF). Four meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic effect of CR after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), after coronary bypass grafting (CABG), in patients with severe chronic systolic heart failure (HFrEF), and to define the effect of psychological interventions during CR. All other indications for CR-delivery were based on a predefined semi-structured literature search and recommendations were established by a formal consenting process including all medical societies involved in guideline generation. Results: Multidisciplinary CR is associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients after ACS and after CABG, whereas HFrEF-patients (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%) especially benefit in terms of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Patients with other cardiovascular diseases also benefit from CR-participation, but the scientific evidence is less clear. There is increasing evidence that the beneficial effect of CR strongly depends on “treatment intensity” including medical supervision, treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, information and education, and a minimum of individually adapted exercise volume. Additional psychologic interventions should be performed on the basis of individual needs. Conclusions: These guidelines reinforce the substantial benefit of CR in specific clinical indications, but also describe remaining deficits in CR-delivery in clinical practice as well as in CR-science with respect to methodology and presentation. | ||
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