Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator
Gauge theories form the foundation of modern physics, with applications ranging from elementary particle physics and early-universe cosmology to condensed matter systems. We demonstrate emergent irreversible behavior, such as the approach to thermal equilibrium, by quantum simulating the fundamental...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) Chapter/Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
28 Jul 2021
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| In: |
Arxiv
Year: 2021, Pages: 1-11 |
| DOI: | 10.48550/arXiv.2107.13563 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.13563 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13563 
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| Author Notes: | Zhao-Yu Zhou, Guo-Xian Su, Jad C. Halimeh, Robert Ott, Hui Sun, Philipp Hauke, Bing Yang, Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Jürgen Berges, and Jian-Wei Pan |
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| 520 | |a Gauge theories form the foundation of modern physics, with applications ranging from elementary particle physics and early-universe cosmology to condensed matter systems. We demonstrate emergent irreversible behavior, such as the approach to thermal equilibrium, by quantum simulating the fundamental unitary dynamics of a U(1) symmetric gauge field theory. While this is in general beyond the capabilities of classical computers, it is made possible through the experimental implementation of a large-scale cold atomic system in an optical lattice. The highly constrained gauge theory dynamics is encoded in a one-dimensional Bose--Hubbard simulator, which couples fermionic matter fields through dynamical gauge fields. We investigate global quantum quenches and the equilibration to a steady state well approximated by a thermal ensemble. Our work establishes a new realm for the investigation of elusive phenomena, such as Schwinger pair production and string-breaking, and paves the way for more complex higher-dimensional gauge theories on quantum synthetic matter devices. | ||
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