Universal van der Waals force between heavy polarons in superfluids
We investigate the long-range behavior of the induced Casimir interaction between two spinless heavy impurities, or polarons, in superfluid cold atomic gases. With the help of effective field theory (EFT) of a Galilean invariant superfluid, we show that the induced impurity-impurity potential at lon...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) Chapter/Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
13 Jun 2022
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| In: |
Arxiv
Year: 2022, Pages: 1-10 |
| DOI: | 10.48550/arXiv.2206.01048 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.01048 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.01048 
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| Author Notes: | Keisuke Fujii, Masaru Hongo, and Tilman Enss |
MARC
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| 520 | |a We investigate the long-range behavior of the induced Casimir interaction between two spinless heavy impurities, or polarons, in superfluid cold atomic gases. With the help of effective field theory (EFT) of a Galilean invariant superfluid, we show that the induced impurity-impurity potential at long distance universally shows a relativistic van der Waals-like attraction ($\sim 1/r^7$) resulting from the exchange of two superfluid phonons. We also clarify finite temperature effects from the same two-phonon exchange process. The temperature $T$ introduces the additional length scale $c_s/T$ with the speed of sound $c_s$. Leading corrections at finite temperature scale as $T^6/r$ for distances |r \ll c_s/T$ smaller than the thermal length. For larger distances the potential shows a nonrelativistic van der Waals behavior ($\sim T/r^6$) instead of the relativistic one. Our EFT formulation applies not only to weakly coupled Bose or Fermi superfluids but also to that composed of strongly-coupled unitary fermions with a weakly coupled impurity. The sound velocity controls the magnitude of the van der Waals potential, which we evaluate for the fermionic superfluid in the BCS-BEC crossover. | ||
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