The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS: III. The most massive stars and their clumped winds
Methods. We simultaneously analyse optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy of 53 O-type and three WNh-stars using the FASTWIND model atmosphere code and a genetic algorithm. The models account for optically thick clumps and effects related to porosity and velocity-porosity, as well as a non-void interc...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
19 July 2022
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| In: |
Astronomy and astrophysics
Year: 2022, Jahrgang: 663, Pages: 1-44 |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/202142742 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142742 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142742 
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| Verfasserangaben: | Sarah A. Brands, Alex de Koter, Joachim M. Bestenlehner, Paul A. Crowther, Jon O. Sundqvist, Joachim Puls, Saida M. Caballero-Nieves, Michael Abdul-Masih, Florian A. Driessen, Miriam García, Sam Geen, Götz Gräfener, Calum Hawcroft, Lex Kaper, Zsolt Keszthelyi, Norbert Langer, Hugues Sana, Fabian R. N. Schneider, Tomer Shenar, and Jorick S. Vink |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Brands, Sarah A. |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1268466875 |0 (DE-627)181699278X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS |b III. The most massive stars and their clumped winds |c Sarah A. Brands, Alex de Koter, Joachim M. Bestenlehner, Paul A. Crowther, Jon O. Sundqvist, Joachim Puls, Saida M. Caballero-Nieves, Michael Abdul-Masih, Florian A. Driessen, Miriam García, Sam Geen, Götz Gräfener, Calum Hawcroft, Lex Kaper, Zsolt Keszthelyi, Norbert Langer, Hugues Sana, Fabian R. N. Schneider, Tomer Shenar, and Jorick S. Vink |
| 264 | 1 | |c 19 July 2022 | |
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| 520 | |a Methods. We simultaneously analyse optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy of 53 O-type and three WNh-stars using the FASTWIND model atmosphere code and a genetic algorithm. The models account for optically thick clumps and effects related to porosity and velocity-porosity, as well as a non-void interclump medium. - Results. We obtain stellar parameters, surface abundances, mass-loss rates, terminal velocities, and clumping characteristics and compare them to theoretical predictions and evolutionary models. The clumping properties include the density of the interclump medium and the velocity-porosity of the wind. For the first time, these characteristics are systematically measured for a wide range of effective temperatures and luminosities. - Conclusions. We confirm a cluster age of 1.0-2.5 Myr and derived an initial stellar mass of ≥250 M for the most massive star in our sample, R136a1. The winds of our sample stars are highly clumped, with an average clumping factor of fcl = 29 ± 15. We find tentative trends in the wind-structure parameters as a function of the mass-loss rate, suggesting that the winds of stars with higher mass-loss rates are less clumped. We compare several theoretical predictions to the observed mass-loss rates and terminal velocities and find that none satisfactorily reproduce both quantities. The prescription of Krticˇka & Kubát (2018) matches the observed mass-loss rates best. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a de Koter, Alex |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bestenlehner, Joachim M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Crowther, Paul A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sundqvist, Jon O. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Puls, Joachim |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Caballero-Nieves, Saida M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Abdul-Masih, Michael |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Driessen, Florian A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a García, Miriam |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Geen, Sam |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gräfener, Götz |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hawcroft, Calum |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kaper, Lex |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Keszthelyi, Zsolt |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Langer, Norbert |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sana, Hugues |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schneider, Fabian |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1069401307 |0 (DE-627)821861212 |0 (DE-576)42867223X |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shenar, Tomer |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vink, Jorick S. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
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