Highly efficient nickel-catalyzed 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile isomerization: applications and mechanistic studies employing the TTP ligand family

A series of sterically and electronically fine-tuned, chelating diphosphine ligands were synthesized. The ligands are analogues of Triptyphos (TTP, 1), all based upon a variably 9,10-two-carbon-bridged 9,10-dihydroanthracene scaffold. These new TTP-type ligands were employed in the Ni(0)-catalyzed i...

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Hauptverfasser: Tauchert, Michael E. (VerfasserIn) , Warth, Daniel C. M. (VerfasserIn) , Braun, Sebastian M. (VerfasserIn) , Pundt-Gruber, Irene (VerfasserIn) , Ziesak, Alexandra Sabrina (VerfasserIn) , Rominger, Frank (VerfasserIn) , Hofmann, Peter (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 21 April 2011
In: Organometallics
Year: 2011, Jahrgang: 30, Heft: 10, Pages: 2790-2809
ISSN:1520-6041
DOI:10.1021/om200164f
Online-Zugang:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1021/om200164f
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Verfasserangaben:Michael E. Tauchert, Daniel C.M. Warth, Sebastian M. Braun, Irene Gruber, Alexandra Ziesak, Frank Rominger, and Peter Hofmann

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520 |a A series of sterically and electronically fine-tuned, chelating diphosphine ligands were synthesized. The ligands are analogues of Triptyphos (TTP, 1), all based upon a variably 9,10-two-carbon-bridged 9,10-dihydroanthracene scaffold. These new TTP-type ligands were employed in the Ni(0)-catalyzed isomerization of 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile (2M3BN), one of the key steps of industrial adiponitrile production by the DuPont process. The reaction showed a surprising preference for ligands bearing electron-donating substituents, such as methoxy or methyl groups, in the phenyl para position of the Ni-ligating PPh2 units. Octyltriptyphos (3) afforded the highest 2M3BN-isomerization turnover rate yet reported. A series of deuterium-labeling experiments was performed to investigate the possibility of an isomerization mechanism consisting of a cascade of de- and rehydrocyanation steps, which could be excluded. Using the ethano-bridged ligand 4, complex 16a (4-κP:κP′)Ni(η3-C4H7)CN (supposedly an intermediate of the 2M3BN-isomerization reaction) was isolated, and its solid-state structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complete catalytic cycle of 2M3BN isomerization with ligand 4, as suggested by the available experimental evidence, was modeled using DFT methods. 
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