The glyoxalase system of malaria parasites: implications for cell biology and general glyoxalase research

Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium have developed sophisticated mechanisms to benefit from the nutrient-rich environments of their hosts. For example, by hiding in red blood cells, they found a secure way to tap into the glucose supply of vertebrates. The high-power metabolism of Plasmodium l...

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Hauptverfasser: Urscher, Miriam (VerfasserIn) , Alisch, Romy (VerfasserIn) , Deponte, Marcel (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 15 February 2011
In: Seminars in cell & developmental biology
Year: 2011, Jahrgang: 22, Heft: 3, Pages: 262-270
ISSN:1096-3634
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.003
Online-Zugang:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.003
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084952111000164
Volltext
Verfasserangaben:Miriam Urscher, Romy Alisch, Marcel Deponte

MARC

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520 |a Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium have developed sophisticated mechanisms to benefit from the nutrient-rich environments of their hosts. For example, by hiding in red blood cells, they found a secure way to tap into the glucose supply of vertebrates. The high-power metabolism of Plasmodium leads not only to a significantly increased glucose consumption of infected erythrocytes, but also to an elevated production of d-lactate from methylglyoxal. The latter substance is a harmful by-product from glycolysis that is detoxified by the ubiquitous glyoxalase system. This system consists of reduced glutathione and two enzymes, the glyoxalases 1 and 2. Inhibition of the glyoxalases in the host/parasite unit is expected to be highly detrimental to the parasite. Moreover, by studying Plasmodium isozymes, physiological functions of the system beyond methylglyoxal conversion became prima facie obvious: (i) the two different active sites of glyoxalase 1 as well as the existence of (insular) glyoxalases in the apicoplast point to alternative substrates and metabolic pathways. (ii) The allostery of glyoxlase 1 and the monomer-dimer equilibrium of glyoxalase 2 suggest novel regulatory features of these enzymes. Here we review the current knowledge on the glyoxalase systems of the host/parasite unit, discuss their potential as drug target and summarize new hypotheses on glyoxalases with respect to general cell biology. 
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