Headache in ADHD as comorbidity and a side effect of medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis
There is mixed evidence on the association between headache and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as headache and ADHD medications. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the co-occurrence of headache in children with ADHD, and the effects of ADHD medications on...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| In: |
Psychological medicine
Year: 2022, Volume: 52, Issue: 1, Pages: 14-25 |
| ISSN: | 1469-8978 |
| DOI: | 10.1017/S0033291721004141 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004141 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/headache-in-adhd-as-comorbidity-and-a-side-effect-of-medications-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/86B4FF59071AE58B9730EE3D665914A8 
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| Author Notes: | Pei-Yin Pan, Ulf Jonsson, Sabriye Selin Şahpazoğlu Çakmak, Alexander Häge, Sarah Hohmann, Hjalmar Nobel Norrman, Jan K. Buitelaar, Tobias Banaschewski, Samuele Cortese, David Coghill and Sven Bölte |
MARC
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| 520 | |a There is mixed evidence on the association between headache and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as headache and ADHD medications. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the co-occurrence of headache in children with ADHD, and the effects of ADHD medications on headache. Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were searched for population-based and clinical studies comparing the prevalence of headache in ADHD and controls through January 26, 2021. In addition, we updated the search of a previous systematic review and network meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ADHD medications on June 16, 2020. Trials of amphetamines, atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, and modafinil with a placebo arm and reporting data on headache as an adverse event, were included. Thirteen epidemiological studies and 58 clinical trials were eligible for inclusion. In epidemiological studies, a significant association between headache and ADHD was found [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.63-2.46], which remained significant when limited to studies reporting ORs adjusted for possible confounders. The pooled prevalence of headaches in children with ADHD was 26.6%. In RCTs, three ADHD medications were associated with increased headache during treatment periods, compared to placebo: atomoxetine (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06-1.56), guanfacine (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.12-1.82), and methylphenidate (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.63). The summarized evidence suggests that headache is common in children with ADHD, both as part of the clinical presentation as such and as a side effect of some standard medications. Monitoring and clinical management strategies of headache in ADHD, in general, and during pharmacological treatment are recommended. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a systematic review | |
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