High-risk additional chromosomal abnormalities at low blast counts herald death by CML

Blast crisis is one of the remaining challenges in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Whether additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) enable an earlier recognition of imminent blastic proliferation and a timelier change of treatment is unknown. One thousand five hundred and ten imatinib-treated pat...

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Main Authors: Hehlmann, Rüdiger (Author) , Voskanyan, Astghik (Author) , Lauseker, Michael (Author) , Pfirrmann, Markus (Author) , Kalmanti, Lida (Author) , Rinaldetti, Sébastien (Author) , Kohlbrenner, Katharina (Author) , Haferlach, Claudia (Author) , Schlegelberger, Brigitte (Author) , Fabarius, Alice (Author) , Seifarth, Wolfgang (Author) , Spiess, Birgit (Author) , Wuchter, Patrick (Author) , Krause, Stefan (Author) , Kolb, Hans-Jochem (Author) , Neubauer, Andreas (Author) , Hossfeld, Dieter K. (Author) , Nerl, Christoph (Author) , Gratwohl, Alois (Author) , Baerlocher, Gabriela M. (Author) , Burchert, Andreas (Author) , Brümmendorf, Tim Henrik (Author) , Hasford, Jörg (Author) , Hochhaus, Andreas (Author) , Saußele, Susanne (Author) , Baccarani, Michele (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 07 May 2020
In: Leukemia
Year: 2020, Volume: 34, Issue: 8, Pages: 2074-2086
ISSN:1476-5551
DOI:10.1038/s41375-020-0826-9
Online Access:Resolving-System, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-0826-9
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-020-0826-9
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Author Notes:Rüdiger Hehlmann, Astghik Voskanyan, Michael Lauseker, Markus Pfirrmann, Lida Kalmanti, Sebastien Rinaldetti, Katharina Kohlbrenner, Claudia Haferlach, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Alice Fabarius, Wolfgang Seifarth, Birgit Spieß, Patrick Wuchter, Stefan Krause, Hans-Jochem Kolb, Andreas Neubauer, Dieter K. Hossfeld, Christoph Nerl, Alois Gratwohl, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Andreas Burchert, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Jörg Hasford, Andreas Hochhaus, Susanne Saußele, Michele Baccarani for the SAKK and the German CML Study Group

MARC

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520 |a Blast crisis is one of the remaining challenges in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Whether additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) enable an earlier recognition of imminent blastic proliferation and a timelier change of treatment is unknown. One thousand five hundred and ten imatinib-treated patients with Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph+) CML randomized in CML-study IV were analyzed for ACA/Ph+ and blast increase. By impact on survival, ACAs were grouped into high risk (+8, +Ph, i(17q), +17, +19, +21, 3q26.2, 11q23, −7/7q abnormalities; complex) and low risk (all other). The presence of high- and low-risk ACAs was linked to six cohorts with different blast levels (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%) in a Cox model. One hundred and twenty-three patients displayed ACA/Ph+ (8.1%), 91 were high risk. At low blast levels (1-15%), high-risk ACA showed an increased hazard to die compared to no ACA (ratios: 3.65 in blood; 6.12 in marrow) in contrast to low-risk ACA. No effect was observed at blast levels of 20-30%. Sixty-three patients with high-risk ACA (69%) died (n = 37) or were alive after progression or progression-related transplantation (n = 26). High-risk ACA at low blast counts identify end-phase CML earlier than current diagnostic systems. Mortality was lower with earlier treatment. Cytogenetic monitoring is indicated when signs of progression surface or response to therapy is unsatisfactory. 
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