Booster dose of mRNA vaccine augments waning T cell and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2
A gradual decay in humoral and cellular immune responses over time upon SAR1S-CoV-2 vaccination may cause a lack of protective immunity. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of antibodies, T cells, and monocytes in 25 participants vaccinated with mRNA or ChAdOx1-S up to 12 weeks after the 3rd (boost...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
12 October 2022
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| In: |
Frontiers in immunology
Year: 2022, Jahrgang: 13, Pages: 1-13 |
| ISSN: | 1664-3224 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012526 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012526 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012526 
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| Verfasserangaben: | Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt, Alisa Lepper, Catharina Gerhards, Mathis Roemer, Samantha Lasser, Ihor Arkhypov, Rebekka Bitsch, Peter Bugert, Peter Altevogt, Cécile Gouttefangeas, Michael Neumaier, Jochen Utikal and Viktor Umansky |
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| 520 | |a A gradual decay in humoral and cellular immune responses over time upon SAR1S-CoV-2 vaccination may cause a lack of protective immunity. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of antibodies, T cells, and monocytes in 25 participants vaccinated with mRNA or ChAdOx1-S up to 12 weeks after the 3rd (booster) dose with mRNA vaccine. We observed a substantial increase in antibodies and CD8 T cells specific for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Moreover, vaccination induced activated T cells expressing CD69, CD137 and producing IFN-γ and TNF-α. Virus-specific CD8 T cells showed predominantly memory phenotype. Although the level of antibodies and frequency of virus-specific T cells reduced 4-6 months after the 2nd dose, they were augmented after the 3rd dose followed by a decrease later. Importantly, T cells generated after the 3rd vaccination were also reactive against Omicron variant, indicated by a similar level of IFN-γ production after stimulation with Omicron peptides. Breakthrough infection in participants vaccinated with two doses induced more SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells than the booster vaccination. We found an upregulation of PD-L1 expression on monocytes but no accumulation of myeloid cells with MDSC-like immunosuppressive phenotype after the vaccination. Our results indicate that the 3rd vaccination fosters antibody and T cell immune response independently from vaccine type used for the first two injections. However, such immune response is attenuated over time, suggesting thereby the need for further vaccinations. | ||
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