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Starting the engine of the powerhouse: mitochondrial transcription and beyond

Mitochondria are central hubs for cellular metabolism, coordinating a variety of metabolic reactions crucial for human health. Mitochondria provide most of the cellular energy via their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the...

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Hauptverfasser: Miranda, Maria (VerfasserIn) , Bonekamp, Nina A. (VerfasserIn) , Kühl, Inge (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: March 31, 2022
In: Biological chemistry
Year: 2022, Jahrgang: 403, Heft: 8-9, Pages: 779-805
ISSN:1437-4315
DOI:10.1515/hsz-2021-0416
Online-Zugang:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2021-0416
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: http://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/hsz-2021-0416/html
Volltext
Verfasserangaben:Maria Miranda, Nina A. Bonekamp and Inge Kühl

MARC

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520 |a Mitochondria are central hubs for cellular metabolism, coordinating a variety of metabolic reactions crucial for human health. Mitochondria provide most of the cellular energy via their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). Transcription of mtDNA is not only essential for the biogenesis of the OXPHOS system, but also generates RNA primers necessary to initiate mtDNA replication. Like the prokaryotic system, mitochondria have no membrane-based compartmentalization to separate the different steps of mtDNA maintenance and expression and depend entirely on nDNA-encoded factors imported into the organelle. Our understanding of mitochondrial transcription in mammalian cells has largely progressed, but the mechanisms regulating mtDNA gene expression are still poorly understood despite their profound importance for human disease. Here, we review mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression with a focus on the recent findings in the field of mammalian mtDNA transcription and disease phenotypes caused by defects in proteins involved in this process. 
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