Hepatitis D infection induces IFN-β-mediated NK cell activation and TRAIL-dependent cytotoxicity
<sec><title>Background and aims</title><p>The co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) patients with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis and thus drastically worsens the course of the disease. Therapy options for HBV/HDV patients are still limi...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
08 December 2023
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| In: |
Frontiers in immunology
Year: 2023, Jahrgang: 14, Pages: 1-15 |
| ISSN: | 1664-3224 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287367 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287367 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287367/full 
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| Verfasserangaben: | Christopher Groth, Jovana Maric, Irene Garcés Lázaro, Tomáš Hofman, Zhenfeng Zhang, Yi Ni, Franziska Keller, Isabelle Seufert, Maike Hofmann, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Carsten Sticht, Karsten Rippe, Stephan Urban and Adelheid Cerwenka |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Hepatitis D infection induces IFN-β-mediated NK cell activation and TRAIL-dependent cytotoxicity |c Christopher Groth, Jovana Maric, Irene Garcés Lázaro, Tomáš Hofman, Zhenfeng Zhang, Yi Ni, Franziska Keller, Isabelle Seufert, Maike Hofmann, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Carsten Sticht, Karsten Rippe, Stephan Urban and Adelheid Cerwenka |
| 246 | 3 | 3 | |a Hepatitis D infection induces IFN-beta-mediated NK cell activation and TRAIL-dependent cytotoxicity |
| 264 | 1 | |c 08 December 2023 | |
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| 520 | |a <sec><title>Background and aims</title><p>The co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) patients with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis and thus drastically worsens the course of the disease. Therapy options for HBV/HDV patients are still limited. Here, we investigated the potential of natural killer (NK) cells that are crucial drivers of the innate immune response against viruses to target HDV-infected hepatocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We established <italic>in vitro</italic> co-culture models using HDV-infected hepatoma cell lines and human peripheral blood NK cells. We determined NK cell activation by flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis, bead-based cytokine immunoassays, and NK cell-mediated effects on T cells by flow cytometry. We validated the mechanisms using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletions. Moreover, we assessed the frequencies and phenotype of NK cells in peripheral blood of HBV and HDV superinfected patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Upon co-culture with HDV-infected hepatic cell lines, NK cells upregulated activation markers, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) including the death receptor ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), produced interferon (IFN)-γ and eliminated HDV-infected cells via the TRAIL-TRAIL-R2 axis. We identified IFN-β released by HDV-infected cells as an important enhancer of NK cell activity. In line with our <italic>in vitro</italic> data, we observed activation of peripheral blood NK cells from HBV/HDV co-infected, but not HBV mono-infected patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our data demonstrate NK cell activation in HDV infection and their potential to eliminate HDV-infected hepatoma cells via the TRAIL/TRAIL-R2 axis which implies a high relevance of NK cells for the design of novel anti-viral therapies.</p></sec> | ||
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