Emerging trends in the field of inflammation and proteinopathy in ALS/FTD spectrum disorder

Proteinopathy and neuroinflammation are two main hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. They also represent rare common events in an exceptionally broad landscape of genetic, environmental, neuropathologic, and clinical heterogeneity present in patients. Here, we aim to recount the emerging trends...

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Main Authors: De Marchi, Fabiola (Author) , Franjkic, Toni (Author) , Schito, Paride (Author) , Russo, Tommaso (Author) , Nimac, Jerneja (Author) , Chami, Anna A. (Author) , Mele, Angelica (Author) , Vidatic, Lea (Author) , Kriz, Jasna (Author) , Julien, Jean-Pierre (Author) , Apic, Gordana (Author) , Russell, Robert B. (Author) , Rogelj, Boris (Author) , Cannon, Jason R. (Author) , Baralle, Marco (Author) , Agosta, Federica (Author) , Hecimovic, Silva (Author) , Mazzini, Letizia (Author) , Buratti, Emanuele (Author) , Munitic, Ivana (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 31 May 2023
In: Biomedicines
Year: 2023, Volume: 11, Issue: 6, Pages: 1-31
ISSN:2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines11061599
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061599
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/6/1599
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Author Notes:Fabiola De Marchi, Toni Franjkic, Paride Schito, Tommaso Russo, Jerneja Nimac, Anna A. Chami, Angelica Mele, Lea Vidatic, Jasna Kriz, Jean-Pierre Julien, Gordana Apic, Robert B. Russell, Boris Rogelj, Jason R. Cannon, Marco Baralle, Federica Agosta, Silva Hecimovic, Letizia Mazzini, Emanuele Buratti and Ivana Munitic

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520 |a Proteinopathy and neuroinflammation are two main hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. They also represent rare common events in an exceptionally broad landscape of genetic, environmental, neuropathologic, and clinical heterogeneity present in patients. Here, we aim to recount the emerging trends in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) spectrum disorder. Our review will predominantly focus on neuroinflammation and systemic immune imbalance in ALS and FTD, which have recently been highlighted as novel therapeutic targets. A common mechanism of most ALS and ~50% of FTD patients is dysregulation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), an RNA/DNA-binding protein, which becomes depleted from the nucleus and forms cytoplasmic aggregates in neurons and glia. This, in turn, via both gain and loss of function events, alters a variety of TDP-43-mediated cellular events. Experimental attempts to target TDP-43 aggregates or manipulate crosstalk in the context of inflammation will be discussed. Targeting inflammation, and the immune system in general, is of particular interest because of the high plasticity of immune cells compared to neurons. 
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