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Hidden gems on a ring: infant massive clusters and their formation timeline nnveiled by ALMA, HST, and JWST in NGC 3351

We use 0.1″ observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and JWST to study young massive clusters (YMCs) in their embedded “infant” phase across the central starburst ring in NGC 3351. Our new ALMA data reveal 18 bright and compact (sub-)millimeter conti...

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Main Authors: Sun, Jiayi (Author) , He, Hao (Author) , Batschkun, Kyle (Author) , Levy, Rebecca C. (Author) , Emig, Kimberly (Author) , Rodríguez, M. Jimena (Author) , Hassani, Hamid (Author) , Leroy, Adam K. (Author) , Schinnerer, Eva (Author) , Ostriker, Eve C. (Author) , Wilson, Christine D. (Author) , Bolatto, Alberto D. (Author) , Mills, Elisabeth A. C. (Author) , Rosolowsky, Erik (Author) , Lee, Janice C. (Author) , Dale, Daniel A. (Author) , Larson, Kirsten L. (Author) , Thilker, David A. (Author) , Ubeda, Leonardo (Author) , Whitmore, Bradley C. (Author) , Williams, Thomas G. (Author) , Barnes, Ashley T. (Author) , Bigiel, Frank (Author) , Chevance, Mélanie (Author) , Glover, Simon (Author) , Grasha, Kathryn (Author) , Groves, Brent (Author) , Henshaw, Jonathan D. (Author) , Indebetouw, Rémy (Author) , Jiménez-Donaire, María J. (Author) , Klessen, Ralf S. (Author) , Koch, Eric W. (Author) , Liu, Daizhong (Author) , Mathur, Smita (Author) , Meidt, Sharon (Author) , Menon, Shyam H. (Author) , Neumann, Justus (Author) , Pinna, Francesca (Author) , Querejeta, Miguel (Author) , Sormani, Mattia C. (Author) , Tress, Robin G. (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 2024 June 1
In: The astrophysical journal
Year: 2024, Volume: 967, Issue: 2, Pages: 1-23
ISSN:1538-4357
DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3de6
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3de6
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3de6
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Author Notes:Jiayi Sun, Hao He, Kyle Batschkun, Rebecca C. Levy, Kimberly Emig, M. Jimena Rodríguez, Hamid Hassani, Adam K. Leroy, Eva Schinnerer, Eve C. Ostriker, Christine D. Wilson, Alberto D. Bolatto, Elisabeth A. C. Mills, Erik Rosolowsky, Janice C. Lee, Daniel A. Dale, Kirsten L. Larson, David A. Thilker, Leonardo Ubeda, Bradley C. Whitmore, Thomas G. Williams, Ashley T. Barnes, Frank Bigiel, Mélanie Chevance, Simon C. O. Glover, Kathryn Grasha, Brent Groves, Jonathan D. Henshaw, Rémy Indebetouw, María J. Jiménez-Donaire, Ralf S. Klessen, Eric W. Koch, Daizhong Liu, Smita Mathur, Sharon Meidt, Shyam H. Menon, Justus Neumann, Francesca Pinna, Miguel Querejeta, Mattia C. Sormani, Robin G. Tress
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Summary:We use 0.1″ observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and JWST to study young massive clusters (YMCs) in their embedded “infant” phase across the central starburst ring in NGC 3351. Our new ALMA data reveal 18 bright and compact (sub-)millimeter continuum sources, of which 8 have counterparts in JWST images and only 6 have counterparts in HST images. Based on the ALMA continuum and molecular line data, as well as ancillary measurements for the HST and JWST counterparts, we identify 14 sources as infant star clusters with high stellar and/or gas masses (∼105 M ⊙), small radii (≲ 5 pc), large escape velocities (6-10 km s−1), and short freefall times (0.5-1 Myr). Their multiwavelength properties motivate us to divide them into four categories, likely corresponding to four evolutionary stages from starless clumps to exposed H ii region-cluster complexes. Leveraging age estimates for HST-identified clusters in the same region, we infer an evolutionary timeline, ranging from ∼1-2 Myr before cluster formation as starless clumps, to ∼4-6 Myr after as exposed H ii region-cluster complexes. Finally, we show that the YMCs make up a substantial fraction of recent star formation across the ring, exhibit a nonuniform azimuthal distribution without a very coherent evolutionary trend along the ring, and are capable of driving large-scale gas outflows.
Item Description:Online veröffentlicht: 28. Mai 2024
Gesehen am 13.02.2025
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1538-4357
DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3de6

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