The cell polarity protein MPP5/PALS1 controls the subcellular localization of the oncogenes YAP and TAZ in liver cancer

The oncogenes yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are potent liver oncogenes. Because gene mutations cannot fully explain their nuclear enrichment, we aim to understand which mechanisms cause YAP/TAZ activation in liver cancer cells. The combinat...

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Main Authors: Tóth, Marcell (Author) , Wan, Shan (Author) , Schmitt, Jennifer (Author) , Birner, Patrizia (Author) , Wei, Teng (Author) , Bubnoff, Fabian von (Author) , Torre, Carolina de la (Author) , Thomann, Stefan (Author) , Pinna, Federico (Author) , Schirmacher, Peter (Author) , Weiler, Sofia Maria Elisabeth (Author) , Breuhahn, Kai (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 14 January 2025
In: International journal of molecular sciences
Year: 2025, Volume: 26, Issue: 2, Pages: 1-17
ISSN:1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms26020660
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020660
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/2/660
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Author Notes:Marcell Tóth, Shan Wan, Jennifer Schmitt, Patrizia Birner, Teng Wei, Fabian von Bubnoff, Carolina de la Torre, Stefan Thomann, Federico Pinna, Peter Schirmacher, Sofia Maria Elisabeth Weiler and Kai Breuhahn

MARC

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520 |a The oncogenes yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are potent liver oncogenes. Because gene mutations cannot fully explain their nuclear enrichment, we aim to understand which mechanisms cause YAP/TAZ activation in liver cancer cells. The combination of proteomics and functional screening identified numerous apical cell polarity complex proteins interacting with YAP and TAZ. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments confirmed that membrane protein palmitoylated 5 (MPP5; synonym: PALS1) physically interacts with YAP and TAZ. After removing different MPP5 protein domains, Co-IP analyses revealed that the PDZ domain plays a crucial role in YAP binding. The interaction between YAP and MPP5 in the cytoplasm of cancer cells was demonstrated by proximity ligation assays (PLAs). In human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, a reduction in apical MPP5 expression was observed, correlating with the nuclear accumulation of YAP and TAZ. Expression data analysis illustrated that MPP5 is inversely associated with YAP/TAZ target gene signatures in human HCCs. Low MPP5 levels define an HCC patient group with a poor clinical outcome. In summary, MPP5 facilitates the nuclear exclusion of YAP and TAZ in liver cancer. This qualifies MPP5 as a potential tumor-suppressor gene and explains how changes in cell polarity can foster tumorigenesis. 
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