Multi-material single-vat dual-wavelength DLP 4D printing of shape memory polymers
Shape memory polymers are a fascinating class of responsive materials with potential in various fields, especially when combined with precise structuring by three-dimensional (3D) printing strategies such as digital light processing (DLP). However, such 3D printing techniques are usually limited to...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2025
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| In: |
Smart materials and structures
Year: 2025, Volume: 34, Issue: 2, Pages: ? |
| ISSN: | 1361-665X |
| DOI: | 10.1088/1361-665X/ad9cd8 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ad9cd8 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ad9cd8 
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| Author Notes: | Finn Kröger, Lennard Schulte, Christoph A Spiegel, Clara Vazquez-Martel, Eva Blasco |
| Summary: | Shape memory polymers are a fascinating class of responsive materials with potential in various fields, especially when combined with precise structuring by three-dimensional (3D) printing strategies such as digital light processing (DLP). However, such 3D printing techniques are usually limited to homogeneous single material four-dimensional (4D) structures restricting potential applicability. In this study we present a dual-wavelength multi-material DLP-based strategy for the fabrication of 4D multi-material structures with a spatial controllable shape memory effect from a single ink formulation. To achieve this, we designed an ink system, allowing generation of static as well as responsive parts depending on the applied curing wavelength with a high spatial control. Specifically, the multi-material ink formulations are composed of epoxide-based, (meth)acrylate-based monomers and a radical photoinitiator—providing appropriate selectivity of the polymerization mechanism. A germanium-based derivative has been selected as a suitable radical photoinitiator active in the blue wavelength regime (460 nm), enabling the exclusive formation of poly(meth)acrylate-based networks exhibiting shape memory properties. When printing with UV light (365 nm), simultaneous formation of epoxy and polymethacrylate networks results in a non-responsive material. Finally, by exploiting these capabilities, the fabrication of multi-material 4D structures with spatially controllable shape memory properties is successfully demonstrated. |
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| Item Description: | Online veröffentlicht: 30. Dezember 2024 Gesehen am 27.08.2025 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1361-665X |
| DOI: | 10.1088/1361-665X/ad9cd8 |