Improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents in hospitals: Insights from a Large-Scale Simulation Exercise with Geotracking and Validated Questionnaires
Background: - Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) rapidly exceed routine hospital capacity. Full-scale exercises are essential for preparedness, but systematic, multidimensional evaluations remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate overall team performance in triage accuracy, workflow, and individual w...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) Kapitel/Artikel |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
22 Oct, 2025
|
| In: |
Research Square
Year: 2025, Pages: 1-23 |
| ISSN: | 2693-5015 |
| DOI: | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7859560/v1 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7859560/v1 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7859560/v1 
|
| Verfasserangaben: | Maik von der Forst, Hanne Schäfer, Stefan Mohr, Hannes Goetz Kenngott, Elyes Farjallah, Matthias Huck, Anke S. Baetzner, Marie Ottilie Frenkel, Markus Ries, Martin Loos, Christoph W. Michalski, Christine Leowardi, Markus Weigand, Erik Popp, Gabriel Alexander Salg |
MARC
| LEADER | 00000naa a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | 1939462312 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20251027092313.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 251027s2025 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7859560/v1 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)1939462312 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)KXP1939462312 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 084 | |a 33 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Forst, Maik von der |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1233794604 |0 (DE-627)1758215569 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents in hospitals |b Insights from a Large-Scale Simulation Exercise with Geotracking and Validated Questionnaires |c Maik von der Forst, Hanne Schäfer, Stefan Mohr, Hannes Goetz Kenngott, Elyes Farjallah, Matthias Huck, Anke S. Baetzner, Marie Ottilie Frenkel, Markus Ries, Martin Loos, Christoph W. Michalski, Christine Leowardi, Markus Weigand, Erik Popp, Gabriel Alexander Salg |
| 264 | 1 | |c 22 Oct, 2025 | |
| 300 | |a 23 | ||
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Gesehen am 27.10.2025 | ||
| 520 | |a Background: - Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) rapidly exceed routine hospital capacity. Full-scale exercises are essential for preparedness, but systematic, multidimensional evaluations remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate overall team performance in triage accuracy, workflow, and individual workload throughout a MCI exercise. - Methods: - In a prospective observational study at Heidelberg university hospital (Germany), healthcare professionals managed 91 simulated casualties using a two-stage triage process. Patients and staff carried location tags enabling continuous spatiotemporal tracking. Objective outcomes included triage accuracy, triage duration, patient flow, and staff-patient contact frequency. Subjective workload and teamwork were assessed using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM), respectively. - Results: - Overall triage accuracy was 75.4%. Undertriage occurred in 11.6% of category I and 10.1% of category II cases; overtriage was infrequent (2.9%). Mean triage times differed significantly by category: ‘red’ 59 ± 25 s, ‘yellow’ 173 ± 74 s, ‘green’ 205 ± 100 s (p < 0.0001). Geotracking demonstrated consistent patient flow without detectable bottlenecks and a mean of 7.1 ± 5.7 patient contacts per staff member. NASA-TLX scores indicated high temporal demand but low frustration with an overall workload of 66.7 ± 16; specialists and staff with greater professional experience reported significantly lower workload (p < 0.05). TEAM ratings were homogeneously high across all participants (79.8%). - Conclusions: - This study provides reproducible benchmark data on hospital MCI response. The integration of geotracking with subjective measures, enables a comprehensive evaluation of hospital disaster preparedness. Moreover, the ability to compare different exercises and collect reliable longitudinal data may further enhance hospital disaster response. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Schäfer, Hanne |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mohr, Stefan |d 1978- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1041696132 |0 (DE-627)767478673 |0 (DE-576)393406970 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kenngott, Hannes Götz |d 1979- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)141469994 |0 (DE-627)62780117X |0 (DE-576)324023065 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Farjallah, Elyes |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Huck, Matthias |d 1982- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1072437902 |0 (DE-627)827500343 |0 (DE-576)43386883X |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Baetzner, Anke |d 1996- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1299232515 |0 (DE-627)1856103455 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Frenkel, Marie Ottilie |d 1977- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)140313400 |0 (DE-627)703635778 |0 (DE-576)316381969 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ries, Markus |d 1971- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)136385338 |0 (DE-627)582068479 |0 (DE-576)300993358 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Loos, Martin |d 1974- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)13060044X |0 (DE-627)504175025 |0 (DE-576)298290626 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Michalski, Christoph |d 1977- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)129922250 |0 (DE-627)483655848 |0 (DE-576)297904302 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Leowardi-Bauer, Christine |d 1976- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)131796712 |0 (DE-627)514262206 |0 (DE-576)298757591 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Weigand, Markus A. |d 1967- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1064970435 |0 (DE-627)815375239 |0 (DE-576)424658666 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Popp, Erik |d 1973- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)129029238 |0 (DE-627)387780513 |0 (DE-576)29745594X |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Salg, Gabriel Alexander |d 1994- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1200126661 |0 (DE-627)1682376370 |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Research Square |d Durham, NC : Research Square, 2020 |g (2025), Seite 1-23 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)1736564625 |w (DE-600)3042859-2 |x 2693-5015 |7 nnas |a Improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents in hospitals Insights from a Large-Scale Simulation Exercise with Geotracking and Validated Questionnaires |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g year:2025 |g pages:1-23 |g extent:23 |a Improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents in hospitals Insights from a Large-Scale Simulation Exercise with Geotracking and Validated Questionnaires |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7859560/v1 |x Verlag |x Resolving-System |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7859560/v1 |x Verlag |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 992 | |a 20251027 | ||
| 993 | |a Article | ||
| 994 | |a 2025 | ||
| 998 | |g 1200126661 |a Salg, Gabriel Alexander |m 1200126661:Salg, Gabriel Alexander |d 910000 |d 910200 |e 910000PS1200126661 |e 910200PS1200126661 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910200/ |p 15 |y j | ||
| 998 | |g 129029238 |a Popp, Erik |m 129029238:Popp, Erik |d 910000 |d 910300 |d 50000 |e 910000PP129029238 |e 910300PP129029238 |e 50000PP129029238 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910300/ |k 0/50000/ |p 14 | ||
| 998 | |g 1064970435 |a Weigand, Markus A. |m 1064970435:Weigand, Markus A. |d 910000 |d 910300 |e 910000PW1064970435 |e 910300PW1064970435 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910300/ |p 13 | ||
| 998 | |g 131796712 |a Leowardi-Bauer, Christine |m 131796712:Leowardi-Bauer, Christine |d 910000 |d 910200 |e 910000PL131796712 |e 910200PL131796712 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910200/ |p 12 | ||
| 998 | |g 129922250 |a Michalski, Christoph |m 129922250:Michalski, Christoph |d 910000 |d 910200 |d 50000 |e 910000PM129922250 |e 910200PM129922250 |e 50000PM129922250 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910200/ |k 0/50000/ |p 11 | ||
| 998 | |g 13060044X |a Loos, Martin |m 13060044X:Loos, Martin |d 910000 |d 910200 |e 910000PL13060044X |e 910200PL13060044X |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910200/ |p 10 | ||
| 998 | |g 136385338 |a Ries, Markus |m 136385338:Ries, Markus |d 910000 |d 910500 |d 50000 |e 910000PR136385338 |e 910500PR136385338 |e 50000PR136385338 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910500/ |k 0/50000/ |p 9 | ||
| 998 | |g 140313400 |a Frenkel, Marie Ottilie |m 140313400:Frenkel, Marie Ottilie |d 100000 |d 100500 |e 100000PF140313400 |e 100500PF140313400 |k 0/100000/ |k 1/100000/100500/ |p 8 | ||
| 998 | |g 1299232515 |a Baetzner, Anke |m 1299232515:Baetzner, Anke |d 100000 |e 100000PB1299232515 |k 0/100000/ |p 7 | ||
| 998 | |g 1072437902 |a Huck, Matthias |m 1072437902:Huck, Matthias |d 910000 |d 910300 |e 910000PH1072437902 |e 910300PH1072437902 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910300/ |p 6 | ||
| 998 | |g 141469994 |a Kenngott, Hannes Götz |m 141469994:Kenngott, Hannes Götz |d 910000 |d 910200 |e 910000PK141469994 |e 910200PK141469994 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910200/ |p 4 | ||
| 998 | |g 1041696132 |a Mohr, Stefan |m 1041696132:Mohr, Stefan |d 910000 |d 910300 |e 910000PM1041696132 |e 910300PM1041696132 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910300/ |p 3 | ||
| 998 | |g 1233794604 |a Forst, Maik von der |m 1233794604:Forst, Maik von der |d 910000 |d 910300 |e 910000PF1233794604 |e 910300PF1233794604 |k 0/910000/ |k 1/910000/910300/ |p 1 |x j | ||
| 999 | |a KXP-PPN1939462312 |e 4791875222 | ||
| BIB | |a Y | ||
| JSO | |a {"relHost":[{"origin":[{"publisherPlace":"Durham, NC","dateIssuedKey":"2020","dateIssuedDisp":"[2020?]-","publisher":"Research Square"}],"title":[{"title":"Research Square","title_sort":"Research Square"}],"physDesc":[{"extent":"Online-Ressource"}],"part":{"pages":"1-23","extent":"23","year":"2025","text":"(2025), Seite 1-23"},"id":{"eki":["1736564625"],"issn":["2693-5015"],"zdb":["3042859-2"]},"note":["Research Square is a leading author, editorial, and video services provider. We are a trusted partner to many of the leading academic publishers, institutions, and societies worldwide. Research Square is a mission-driven business focused on developing innovative software and services for the global research community. We run the largest author services company, American Journal Experts (AJE), and have supported over 775,000 manuscripts from researchers in 192 countries","Gesehen am 26.10.2020"],"recId":"1736564625","disp":"Improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents in hospitals Insights from a Large-Scale Simulation Exercise with Geotracking and Validated QuestionnairesResearch Square","language":["eng"],"titleAlt":[{"title":"Research square preprint platform - share and discover new research"}],"type":{"bibl":"edited-book","media":"Online-Ressource"}}],"note":["Gesehen am 27.10.2025"],"type":{"media":"Online-Ressource","bibl":"chapter"},"id":{"doi":["10.21203/rs.3.rs-7859560/v1"],"eki":["1939462312"]},"physDesc":[{"extent":"23 S."}],"language":["eng"],"title":[{"subtitle":"Insights from a Large-Scale Simulation Exercise with Geotracking and Validated Questionnaires","title_sort":"Improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents in hospitals","title":"Improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents in hospitals"}],"recId":"1939462312","name":{"displayForm":["Maik von der Forst, Hanne Schäfer, Stefan Mohr, Hannes Goetz Kenngott, Elyes Farjallah, Matthias Huck, Anke S. Baetzner, Marie Ottilie Frenkel, Markus Ries, Martin Loos, Christoph W. Michalski, Christine Leowardi, Markus Weigand, Erik Popp, Gabriel Alexander Salg"]},"origin":[{"dateIssuedKey":"2025","dateIssuedDisp":"22 Oct, 2025"}],"person":[{"role":"aut","given":"Maik von der","display":"Forst, Maik von der","family":"Forst"},{"given":"Hanne","display":"Schäfer, Hanne","family":"Schäfer","role":"aut"},{"given":"Stefan","display":"Mohr, Stefan","family":"Mohr","role":"aut"},{"role":"aut","family":"Kenngott","given":"Hannes Götz","display":"Kenngott, Hannes Götz"},{"role":"aut","display":"Farjallah, Elyes","given":"Elyes","family":"Farjallah"},{"family":"Huck","given":"Matthias","display":"Huck, Matthias","role":"aut"},{"role":"aut","display":"Baetzner, Anke","given":"Anke","family":"Baetzner"},{"given":"Marie Ottilie","display":"Frenkel, Marie Ottilie","family":"Frenkel","role":"aut"},{"role":"aut","given":"Markus","display":"Ries, Markus","family":"Ries"},{"role":"aut","family":"Loos","given":"Martin","display":"Loos, Martin"},{"family":"Michalski","given":"Christoph","display":"Michalski, Christoph","role":"aut"},{"role":"aut","given":"Christine","display":"Leowardi-Bauer, Christine","family":"Leowardi-Bauer"},{"role":"aut","family":"Weigand","display":"Weigand, Markus A.","given":"Markus A."},{"role":"aut","given":"Erik","display":"Popp, Erik","family":"Popp"},{"role":"aut","family":"Salg","display":"Salg, Gabriel Alexander","given":"Gabriel Alexander"}]} | ||
| SRT | |a FORSTMAIKVIMPROVINGP2220 | ||