Escaping helium and a highly muted spectrum suggest a metal-enriched atmosphere on sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from JWST transit spectroscopy
Sub-Neptunes, the most common planet type, remain poorly understood. Their atmospheres are expected to be diverse, but their compositions are challenging to determine, even with JWST. Here, we present the first JWST spectroscopic study of the warm sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b (2.13 R⊕, Teq,A = 0.3 ∼ 700 K)...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2025 May 14
|
| In: |
The astrophysical journal. Part 2, Letters
Year: 2025, Volume: 985, Issue: 1, Pages: 1-28 |
| ISSN: | 2041-8213 |
| DOI: | 10.3847/2041-8213/add010 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/add010 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/add010 
|
| Author Notes: | Eva-Maria Ahrer, Michael Radica, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Eshan Raul, Lindsey Wiser, Luis Welbanks, Lorena Acuña, Romain Allart, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Amy Louca, Ryan MacDonald, Morgan Saidel, Thomas M. Evans-Soma, Björn Benneke, Duncan Christie, Thomas G. Beatty, Charles Cadieux, Ryan Cloutier, René Doyon, Jonathan J. Fortney, Anna Gagnebin, Cyril Gapp, Hamish Innes, Heather A. Knutson, Thaddeus Komacek, Joshua Krissansen-Totton, Yamila Miguel, Raymond Pierrehumbert, Pierre-Alexis Roy, and Hilke E. Schlichting |
MARC
| LEADER | 00000caa a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | 1941622909 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20251217123619.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 251119s2025 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3847/2041-8213/add010 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)1941622909 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)KXP1941622909 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1559716103 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 084 | |a 29 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Ahrer, Eva-Maria |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1377327965 |0 (DE-627)1936682591 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Escaping helium and a highly muted spectrum suggest a metal-enriched atmosphere on sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from JWST transit spectroscopy |c Eva-Maria Ahrer, Michael Radica, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Eshan Raul, Lindsey Wiser, Luis Welbanks, Lorena Acuña, Romain Allart, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Amy Louca, Ryan MacDonald, Morgan Saidel, Thomas M. Evans-Soma, Björn Benneke, Duncan Christie, Thomas G. Beatty, Charles Cadieux, Ryan Cloutier, René Doyon, Jonathan J. Fortney, Anna Gagnebin, Cyril Gapp, Hamish Innes, Heather A. Knutson, Thaddeus Komacek, Joshua Krissansen-Totton, Yamila Miguel, Raymond Pierrehumbert, Pierre-Alexis Roy, and Hilke E. Schlichting |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2025 May 14 | |
| 300 | |b Illustrationen | ||
| 300 | |a 28 | ||
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Gesehen am 19.11.2025 | ||
| 520 | |a Sub-Neptunes, the most common planet type, remain poorly understood. Their atmospheres are expected to be diverse, but their compositions are challenging to determine, even with JWST. Here, we present the first JWST spectroscopic study of the warm sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b (2.13 R⊕, Teq,A = 0.3 ∼ 700 K), which orbits an M2V star, making it a favorable target for atmosphere characterization. We observed four transits of GJ 3090 b: two each using JWST NIRISS/SOSS and NIRSpec/G395H, yielding wavelength coverage from 0.6 to 5.2 μm. We detect the signature of the 10833 Å metastable helium triplet at a statistical significance of 5.5σ with an amplitude of 434 ± 79 ppm, marking the first such detection in a sub-Neptune with JWST. This amplitude is significantly smaller than predicted by solar-metallicity forward models, suggesting a metal-enriched atmosphere that decreases the mass-loss rate and attenuates the helium feature amplitude. Moreover, we find that stellar contamination, in the form of the transit light source effect, dominates the NIRISS transmission spectra, with unocculted spot and faculae properties varying across the two visits separated in time by approximately 6 months. Free retrieval analyses on the NIRSpec/G395H spectrum find tentative evidence for highly muted features and a lack of CH4. These findings are best explained by a high-metallicity atmosphere (>100× solar at 3σ confidence for clouds at ∼μbar pressures) using chemically consistent retrievals and self-consistent model grids. Further observations of GJ 3090 b are needed for tighter constraints on the atmospheric abundances and to gain a deeper understanding of the processes that led to its potential metal enrichment. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Radica, Michael |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Raul, Eshan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wiser, Lindsey |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Welbanks, Luis |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Acuña, Lorena |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Allart, Romain |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Coulombe, Louis-Philippe |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Louca, Amy |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a MacDonald, Ryan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Saidel, Morgan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Evans-Soma, Thomas M. |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1384588221 |0 (DE-627)1946336084 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Benneke, Björn |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Christie, Duncan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Beatty, Thomas G. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cadieux, Charles |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cloutier, Ryan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Doyon, René |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fortney, Jonathan J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gagnebin, Anna |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gapp, Cyril |d 1995- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1377328333 |0 (DE-627)1936683288 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Innes, Hamish |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Knutson, Heather A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Komacek, Thaddeus |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Krissansen-Totton, Joshua |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Miguel, Yamila |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pierrehumbert, Raymond |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Roy, Pierre-Alexis |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schlichting, Hilke E. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t The astrophysical journal. Part 2, Letters |d London : Institute of Physics Publ., 1995 |g 985(2025), 1, Artikel-ID L10, Seite 1-28 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)312189028 |w (DE-600)2006858-X |w (DE-576)090890876 |x 2041-8213 |7 nnas |a Escaping helium and a highly muted spectrum suggest a metal-enriched atmosphere on sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from JWST transit spectroscopy |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:985 |g year:2025 |g number:1 |g elocationid:L10 |g pages:1-28 |g extent:28 |a Escaping helium and a highly muted spectrum suggest a metal-enriched atmosphere on sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from JWST transit spectroscopy |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/add010 |x Verlag |x Resolving-System |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |7 0 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/add010 |x Verlag |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |7 0 |
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 992 | |a 20251119 | ||
| 993 | |a Article | ||
| 994 | |a 2025 | ||
| 998 | |g 1377328333 |a Gapp, Cyril |m 1377328333:Gapp, Cyril |d 130000 |e 130000PG1377328333 |k 0/130000/ |p 22 | ||
| 998 | |g 1384588221 |a Evans-Soma, Thomas M. |m 1384588221:Evans-Soma, Thomas M. |d 130000 |e 130000PE1384588221 |k 0/130000/ |p 13 | ||
| 998 | |g 1377327965 |a Ahrer, Eva-Maria |m 1377327965:Ahrer, Eva-Maria |d 700000 |d 714000 |e 700000PA1377327965 |e 714000PA1377327965 |k 0/700000/ |k 1/700000/714000/ |p 1 |x j | ||
| 999 | |a KXP-PPN1941622909 |e 480888416X | ||
| BIB | |a Y | ||
| SER | |a journal | ||
| JSO | |a {"name":{"displayForm":["Eva-Maria Ahrer, Michael Radica, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Eshan Raul, Lindsey Wiser, Luis Welbanks, Lorena Acuña, Romain Allart, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Amy Louca, Ryan MacDonald, Morgan Saidel, Thomas M. Evans-Soma, Björn Benneke, Duncan Christie, Thomas G. Beatty, Charles Cadieux, Ryan Cloutier, René Doyon, Jonathan J. Fortney, Anna Gagnebin, Cyril Gapp, Hamish Innes, Heather A. Knutson, Thaddeus Komacek, Joshua Krissansen-Totton, Yamila Miguel, Raymond Pierrehumbert, Pierre-Alexis Roy, and Hilke E. Schlichting"]},"language":["eng"],"type":{"media":"Online-Ressource","bibl":"article-journal"},"recId":"1941622909","title":[{"title":"Escaping helium and a highly muted spectrum suggest a metal-enriched atmosphere on sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from JWST transit spectroscopy","title_sort":"Escaping helium and a highly muted spectrum suggest a metal-enriched atmosphere on sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from JWST transit spectroscopy"}],"origin":[{"dateIssuedKey":"2025","dateIssuedDisp":"2025 May 14"}],"relHost":[{"origin":[{"publisherPlace":"London ; Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]","dateIssuedDisp":"1995-","dateIssuedKey":"1995","publisher":"Institute of Physics Publ. ; Univ. of Chicago Press"}],"titleAlt":[{"title":"The astrophysical journal / 2"},{"title":"ApJL"}],"id":{"zdb":["2006858-X"],"eki":["312189028"],"issn":["2041-8213"]},"physDesc":[{"extent":"Online-Ressource"}],"note":["Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe","Frühere Jahrgänge online nicht mehr verfügbar","Gesehen am 18.01.2022"],"part":{"volume":"985","issue":"1","extent":"28","text":"985(2025), 1, Artikel-ID L10, Seite 1-28","pages":"1-28","year":"2025"},"pubHistory":["Nachgewiesen 447.1995 -"],"type":{"media":"Online-Ressource","bibl":"periodical"},"language":["eng"],"recId":"312189028","disp":"Escaping helium and a highly muted spectrum suggest a metal-enriched atmosphere on sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from JWST transit spectroscopyThe astrophysical journal. Part 2, Letters","title":[{"title_sort":"astrophysical journal","partname":"Letters","title":"The astrophysical journal"}]}],"id":{"doi":["10.3847/2041-8213/add010"],"eki":["1941622909"]},"physDesc":[{"extent":"28 S.","noteIll":"Illustrationen"}],"note":["Gesehen am 19.11.2025"],"person":[{"family":"Ahrer","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","role":"aut","display":"Ahrer, Eva-Maria","given":"Eva-Maria"},{"role":"aut","display":"Radica, Michael","given":"Michael","family":"Radica","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Piaulet-Ghorayeb","given":"Caroline","role":"aut","display":"Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Raul","given":"Eshan","display":"Raul, Eshan","role":"aut"},{"given":"Lindsey","role":"aut","display":"Wiser, Lindsey","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Wiser"},{"display":"Welbanks, Luis","role":"aut","given":"Luis","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Welbanks"},{"given":"Lorena","display":"Acuña, Lorena","role":"aut","family":"Acuña","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Allart","role":"aut","display":"Allart, Romain","given":"Romain"},{"family":"Coulombe","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Louis-Philippe","role":"aut","display":"Coulombe, Louis-Philippe"},{"given":"Amy","display":"Louca, Amy","role":"aut","family":"Louca","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"MacDonald","given":"Ryan","display":"MacDonald, Ryan","role":"aut"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Saidel","display":"Saidel, Morgan","role":"aut","given":"Morgan"},{"display":"Evans-Soma, Thomas M.","role":"aut","given":"Thomas M.","family":"Evans-Soma","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"role":"aut","display":"Benneke, Björn","given":"Björn","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Benneke"},{"role":"aut","display":"Christie, Duncan","given":"Duncan","family":"Christie","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Beatty","given":"Thomas G.","display":"Beatty, Thomas G.","role":"aut"},{"given":"Charles","display":"Cadieux, Charles","role":"aut","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Cadieux"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Cloutier","given":"Ryan","display":"Cloutier, Ryan","role":"aut"},{"family":"Doyon","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","role":"aut","display":"Doyon, René","given":"René"},{"role":"aut","display":"Fortney, Jonathan J.","given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Fortney","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"family":"Gagnebin","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Anna","display":"Gagnebin, Anna","role":"aut"},{"family":"Gapp","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Cyril","role":"aut","display":"Gapp, Cyril"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Innes","role":"aut","display":"Innes, Hamish","given":"Hamish"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Knutson","given":"Heather A.","role":"aut","display":"Knutson, Heather A."},{"given":"Thaddeus","display":"Komacek, Thaddeus","role":"aut","family":"Komacek","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"given":"Joshua","display":"Krissansen-Totton, Joshua","role":"aut","family":"Krissansen-Totton","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Miguel","given":"Yamila","display":"Miguel, Yamila","role":"aut"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","family":"Pierrehumbert","display":"Pierrehumbert, Raymond","role":"aut","given":"Raymond"},{"family":"Roy","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","role":"aut","display":"Roy, Pierre-Alexis","given":"Pierre-Alexis"},{"role":"aut","display":"Schlichting, Hilke E.","given":"Hilke E.","family":"Schlichting","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"}]} | ||
| SRT | |a AHREREVAMAESCAPINGHE2025 | ||