Bifunctional cysteine-engineered CAR-T cells enable thiol-mediated targeting to overcome antigen escape in B cell lymphoma

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies; however, durable remissions remain limited due to antigen-negative cancer relapse, where tumor cells downregulate or lose the targeted antigen to evade immune recognition. To address this cha...

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Hauptverfasser: Lühle, Jost (VerfasserIn) , Krost, Simon (VerfasserIn) , Goerdeler, Felix (VerfasserIn) , Valentí, Aina (VerfasserIn) , Shanin, Elena (VerfasserIn) , Seitz, Christian (VerfasserIn) , Seeberger, Peter H. (VerfasserIn) , Moscovitz, Oren (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: August 7, 2025
In: ACS central science
Year: 2025, Jahrgang: 11, Heft: 10, Pages: 1852-1861
ISSN:2374-7951
DOI:10.1021/acscentsci.5c00816
Online-Zugang:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.5c00816
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Verfasserangaben:Jost Lühle, Simon Krost, Felix Goerdeler, Aina Valentí, Elena Shanin, Christian Seitz, Peter H. Seeberger, and Oren Moscovitz

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520 |a Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies; however, durable remissions remain limited due to antigen-negative cancer relapse, where tumor cells downregulate or lose the targeted antigen to evade immune recognition. To address this challenge, we developed cysteine-engineered CAR (CysCAR) T cells that redirect T cells to target cancer cells based on extracellular redox imbalances and the altered thiol/disulfide ratios, a marker we identified on B cell lymphomas. Here, we show that CysCAR-T cells, engineered with different cysteine-modified antibody fragments, exhibit a potent and specific cytotoxicity in vitro across various B cell lymphoma (BCL) subtypes, even in antigen escape models. Moreover, by integrating cysteine engineering with clinically used anti-CD19 CAR-T cells, we enabled simultaneous targeting of CD19 and altered redox states on BCL, potentially reducing the risk of antigen escape. In a pilot in vivo study, these bifunctional CD19-CysCAR-T cells suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of BCL-bearing mice without inducing systemic toxicity. Given that aberrant exofacial redox states are a hallmark of multiple cancers, our findings suggest a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, overcome antigen escape, and reduce tumor relapse in BCL, with potential applicability to other malignancies. 
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