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Constraining superluminal Einstein-Æther gravity through gravitational memory

Every emission of radiation in gravity also includes a nonwavelike component that leaves a permanent change in proper distances of the spacetime it travels through. This phenomenon is known as gravitational displacement memory. Building up on a recently developed computation framework that harnesses...

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Main Authors: Heisenberg, Lavinia (Author) , Rosatello, Benedetta (Author) , Xu, Guangzi (Author) , Zosso, Jann (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 22 July 2025
In: Physical review
Year: 2025, Volume: 112, Issue: 2, Pages: 1-35
ISSN:2470-0029
DOI:10.1103/2zds-qq93
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1103/2zds-qq93
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/2zds-qq93
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Author Notes:Lavinia Heisenberg, Benedetta Rosatello, Guangzi Xu, and Jann Zosso

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520 |a Every emission of radiation in gravity also includes a nonwavelike component that leaves a permanent change in proper distances of the spacetime it travels through. This phenomenon is known as gravitational displacement memory. Building up on a recently developed computation framework that harnesses Isaacson’s insights on a fundamental definition of gravitational waves, we compute the leading displacement memory formula in Einstein-Æther gravity. Our analysis represents the first direct calculation of gravitational memory in a metric theory with nontrivial asymptotic vector field value. We find that an emission of scalar and vector æther waves at a propagation speed greater than the speed of tensor radiation features unprotected causal directions with a priori unbound memory buildup. Based on the results and the existing constraint of luminally propagating tensor waves, we conjecture a stringent exclusion of the superluminal parameter space of Einstein-Æther gravity. 
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