The completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentre
Context. Open clusters have long been used as tracers of Galactic structure. However, without a selection function to describe the completeness of the cluster census, it is difficult to quantitatively interpret their distribution. Aims. We create a method to empirically determine the selection funct...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
16 July 2025
|
| In: |
Astronomy and astrophysics
Year: 2025, Jahrgang: 699, Pages: 1-18 |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/202452614 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452614 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2025/07/aa52614-24/aa52614-24.html 
|
| Verfasserangaben: | Emily L. Hunt, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, Friedrich Anders, Lorenzo Spina, Lorenzo Cavallo, Alfred Castro-Ginard, Vasily Belokurov, Anthony G.A. Brown, Andrew R. Casey, Ronald Drimmel, Morgan Fouesneau, and Sabine Reffert |
MARC
| LEADER | 00000naa a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | 1946316768 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20251217112314.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 251217s2025 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1051/0004-6361/202452614 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)1946316768 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)KXP1946316768 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 084 | |a 29 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Hunt, Emily Lauren |d 1996- |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)123577922X |0 (DE-627)1760864854 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentre |c Emily L. Hunt, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, Friedrich Anders, Lorenzo Spina, Lorenzo Cavallo, Alfred Castro-Ginard, Vasily Belokurov, Anthony G.A. Brown, Andrew R. Casey, Ronald Drimmel, Morgan Fouesneau, and Sabine Reffert |
| 264 | 1 | |c 16 July 2025 | |
| 300 | |b Diagramme | ||
| 300 | |a 18 | ||
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Gesehen am 17.12.2025 | ||
| 520 | |a Context. Open clusters have long been used as tracers of Galactic structure. However, without a selection function to describe the completeness of the cluster census, it is difficult to quantitatively interpret their distribution. Aims. We create a method to empirically determine the selection function of a Galactic cluster catalogue. We test it by investigating the completeness of the cluster census in the outer Milky Way, where old and young clusters exhibit different spatial distributions. Methods. We develop a method to generate realistic mock clusters as a function of their parameters, in addition to accounting for Gaia’s selection function and astrometric errors. We then inject mock clusters into Gaia DR3 data, and attempt to recover them in a blind search using HDBSCAN. Results. We find that the main parameters influencing cluster detectability are mass, extinction, and distance. Age also plays an important role, making older clusters harder to detect due to their fainter luminosity function. High proper motions also improve detectability. After correcting for these selection effects, we find that old clusters are 2.97 ± 0.11 times more common at a Galactocentric radius of 13 kpc than in the solar neighbourhood - despite positive detection biases in their favour, such as hotter orbits or a higher scale height. Conclusions. The larger fraction of older clusters in the outer Galaxy cannot be explained by an observational bias, and must be a physical property of the Milky Way: young outer-disc clusters are not forming in the outer Galaxy, or at least not with sufficient masses to be identified as clusters in Gaia DR3. We predict that in this region, more old clusters than young ones remain to be discovered. The current presence of old, massive outer-disc clusters could be explained by radial heating and migration, or alternatively by a lower cluster destruction rate in the anticentre. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Anders, Friedrich |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Spina, Lorenzo |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cavallo, Lorenzo |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Castro-Ginard, Alfred |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Belokurov, Vasily |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Brown, Anthony G. A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Casey, Andrew R. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Drimmel, Ronald |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fouesneau, Morgan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Reffert, Sabine |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1021939544 |0 (DE-627)715840789 |0 (DE-576)363891013 |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Astronomy and astrophysics |d Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 1969 |g 699(2025) vom: Juli, Artikel-ID A273, Seite 1-18 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)253390222 |w (DE-600)1458466-9 |w (DE-576)072283351 |x 1432-0746 |7 nnas |a The completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentre |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:699 |g year:2025 |g month:07 |g elocationid:A273 |g pages:1-18 |g extent:18 |a The completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentre |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452614 |x Verlag |x Resolving-System |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |7 0 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2025/07/aa52614-24/aa52614-24.html |x Verlag |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |7 0 |
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 992 | |a 20251217 | ||
| 993 | |a Article | ||
| 994 | |a 2025 | ||
| 998 | |g 1021939544 |a Reffert, Sabine |m 1021939544:Reffert, Sabine |d 700000 |d 714000 |d 714300 |e 700000PR1021939544 |e 714000PR1021939544 |e 714300PR1021939544 |k 0/700000/ |k 1/700000/714000/ |k 2/700000/714000/714300/ |p 12 |y j | ||
| 998 | |g 123577922X |a Hunt, Emily Lauren |m 123577922X:Hunt, Emily Lauren |p 1 |x j | ||
| 999 | |a KXP-PPN1946316768 |e 4829587016 | ||
| BIB | |a Y | ||
| SER | |a journal | ||
| JSO | |a {"physDesc":[{"noteIll":"Diagramme","extent":"18 S."}],"relHost":[{"id":{"zdb":["1458466-9"],"issn":["1432-0746"],"eki":["253390222"]},"disp":"The completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentreAstronomy and astrophysics","language":["eng"],"recId":"253390222","titleAlt":[{"title":"Astronomy & astrophysics"},{"title":"a European journal"}],"name":{"displayForm":["European Southern Observatory (ESO)"]},"corporate":[{"display":"European Southern Observatory","roleDisplay":"Herausgebendes Organ","role":"isb"}],"part":{"pages":"1-18","year":"2025","volume":"699","text":"699(2025) vom: Juli, Artikel-ID A273, Seite 1-18","extent":"18"},"title":[{"subtitle":"an international weekly journal","title":"Astronomy and astrophysics","title_sort":"Astronomy and astrophysics"}],"note":["Gesehen am 21.06.2024","Erscheint 36mal jährlich in 12 Bänden zu je 3 Ausgaben","Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe"],"type":{"bibl":"periodical","media":"Online-Ressource"},"pubHistory":["1.1969 -"],"origin":[{"dateIssuedDisp":"1969-","dateIssuedKey":"1969","publisher":"EDP Sciences ; Springer","publisherPlace":"Les Ulis ; Berlin ; Heidelberg"}],"physDesc":[{"extent":"Online-Ressource"}]}],"type":{"bibl":"article-journal","media":"Online-Ressource"},"note":["Gesehen am 17.12.2025"],"origin":[{"dateIssuedDisp":"16 July 2025","dateIssuedKey":"2025"}],"title":[{"title_sort":"completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentre","title":"The completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentre"}],"name":{"displayForm":["Emily L. Hunt, Tristan Cantat-Gaudin, Friedrich Anders, Lorenzo Spina, Lorenzo Cavallo, Alfred Castro-Ginard, Vasily Belokurov, Anthony G.A. Brown, Andrew R. Casey, Ronald Drimmel, Morgan Fouesneau, and Sabine Reffert"]},"recId":"1946316768","person":[{"family":"Hunt","role":"aut","given":"Emily Lauren","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","display":"Hunt, Emily Lauren"},{"role":"aut","family":"Cantat-Gaudin","display":"Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Tristan"},{"roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Friedrich","display":"Anders, Friedrich","family":"Anders","role":"aut"},{"display":"Spina, Lorenzo","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Lorenzo","role":"aut","family":"Spina"},{"role":"aut","family":"Cavallo","display":"Cavallo, Lorenzo","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Lorenzo"},{"role":"aut","family":"Castro-Ginard","display":"Castro-Ginard, Alfred","given":"Alfred","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"},{"display":"Belokurov, Vasily","given":"Vasily","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","role":"aut","family":"Belokurov"},{"role":"aut","family":"Brown","display":"Brown, Anthony G. A.","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Anthony G. A."},{"display":"Casey, Andrew R.","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Andrew R.","role":"aut","family":"Casey"},{"display":"Drimmel, Ronald","given":"Ronald","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","role":"aut","family":"Drimmel"},{"family":"Fouesneau","role":"aut","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn","given":"Morgan","display":"Fouesneau, Morgan"},{"role":"aut","family":"Reffert","display":"Reffert, Sabine","given":"Sabine","roleDisplay":"VerfasserIn"}],"language":["eng"],"id":{"doi":["10.1051/0004-6361/202452614"],"eki":["1946316768"]}} | ||
| SRT | |a HUNTEMILYLCOMPLETENE1620 | ||