Improving risk stratification of PI-RADS 3 + 1 lesions of the peripheral zone: expert lexicon of terms, multi-reader performance and contribution of artificial intelligence
Background: According to PI-RADS v2.1, peripheral PI-RADS 3 lesions are upgraded to PI-RADS 4 if dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is positive (3+1 lesions), however those lesions are radiologically challenging. We aimed to define criteria by expert consensus and test applicability by other radiologists...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
19 August 2025
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| In: |
Cancer imaging
Year: 2025, Volume: 25, Pages: 1-14 |
| ISSN: | 1470-7330 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s40644-025-00916-7 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-025-00916-7
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| Author Notes: | Philip A. Glemser, Nils Netzer, Christian H. Ziener, Markus Wilhelm, Thomas Hielscher, Kevin Sun Zhang, Magdalena Görtz, Viktoria Schütz, Albrecht Stenzinger, Markus Hohenfellner, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer and David Bonekamp |
| Summary: | Background: According to PI-RADS v2.1, peripheral PI-RADS 3 lesions are upgraded to PI-RADS 4 if dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is positive (3+1 lesions), however those lesions are radiologically challenging. We aimed to define criteria by expert consensus and test applicability by other radiologists for sPC prediction of PI-RADS 3+1 lesions and determine their value in integrated regression models. Methods: From consecutive 3 Tesla MR examinations performed between 08/2016 to 12/2018 we identified 85 MRI examinations from 83 patients with a total of 94 PI-RADS 3+1 lesions in the official clinical report. Lesions were retrospectively assessed by expert consensus with construction of a newly devised feature catalogue which was utilized subsequently by two additional radiologists specialized in prostate MRI for independent lesion assessment. With reference to extended fused targeted and systematic TRUS/MRI-biopsy histopathological correlation, relevant catalogue features were identified by univariate analysis and put into context to typically available clinical features and automated AI image assessment utilizing lasso-penalized logistic regression models, also focusing on the contribution of DCE imaging (feature-based, bi- and multiparametric AI-enhanced and solely bi- and multiparametric AI-driven). Results: The feature catalog enabled image-based lesional risk stratification for all readers. Expert consensus provided 3 significant features in univariate analysis (adj. p-value <0.05; most relevant feature T2w configuration: “irregular/microlobulated/spiculated”, OR 9.0 (95%CI 2.3-44.3); adj. p-value: 0.016). These remained after lasso penalized regression based feature reduction, while the only selected clinical feature was prostate volume (OR<1), enabling nomogram construction. While DCE-derived consensus features did not enhance model performance (bootstrapped AUC), there was a trend for increased performance by including multiparametric AI, but not biparametric AI into models, both for combined and AI-only models. Conclusions: PI-RADS 3+1 lesions can be risk-stratified using lexicon terms and a key feature nomogram. AI potentially benefits more from DCE imaging than experienced prostate radiologists. |
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| Item Description: | Veröffentlicht: 19. August 2025 Gesehen am 14.01.2026 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1470-7330 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s40644-025-00916-7 |