Recurrence patterns after resection of sacral chordoma: toward an optimized postoperative target volume definition

Background: Postoperative recurrence of sacrococcygeal chordomas presents significant clinical challenges due to unusual recurrence patterns. This study aimed to characterize these patterns of recurrence to inform improved adjuvant radiotherapy planning. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 31 patie...

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Hauptverfasser: Waldsperger, Hanna (VerfasserIn) , Lehner, Burkhard (VerfasserIn) , Geisbüsch, Andreas (VerfasserIn) , Jotzo, Felix (VerfasserIn) , Meixner, Eva (VerfasserIn) , König, Laila (VerfasserIn) , Regnery, Sebastian (VerfasserIn) , Kozyra, Katharina (VerfasserIn) , Wessel, Lars (VerfasserIn) , Krieg, Sandro (VerfasserIn) , Herfarth, Klaus (VerfasserIn) , Debus, Jürgen (VerfasserIn) , Seidensaal, Katharina (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 30 July 2025
In: Cancers
Year: 2025, Jahrgang: 17, Heft: 15, Pages: 1-13
ISSN:2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers17152521
Online-Zugang:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152521
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/17/15/2521
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Verfasserangaben:Hanna Waldsperger, Burkhard Lehner, Andreas Geisbuesch, Felix Jotzo, Eva Meixner, Laila König, Sebastian Regnery, Katharina Kozyra, Lars Wessel, Sandro Krieg, Klaus Herfarth, Jürgen Debus and Katharina Seidensaal

MARC

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520 |a Background: Postoperative recurrence of sacrococcygeal chordomas presents significant clinical challenges due to unusual recurrence patterns. This study aimed to characterize these patterns of recurrence to inform improved adjuvant radiotherapy planning. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 31 patients with recurrent sacrococcygeal chordoma following surgery, assessing recurrence locations considering initial tumor extent, resection levels, and postoperative anatomical changes on MRI. In 18 patients, pre- and postoperative imaging enabled the spatial mapping of early recurrence origins relative to the initial tumor volume using isotropic expansions. The median initial gross tumor volume was 113 mL. Results: Recurrences were mostly multifocal and predominantly involved soft tissues (e.g., mesorectal/perirectal space (80.6%), piriformis and gluteal muscles (80.6% and 67.7%, respectively) and osseous structures, particularly the sacrum (87.1%)). The median time to recurrence was 15 months. The initial surgery was R0 in 17 patients (55%). The highest infiltrated sacral vertebra was S1 in 3%, S2 in 10%, S3 in 35%, S4 in 23%, S5 in 10%, and coccygeal in 19%. Anatomical changes post-resection, including rectal herniation into gluteal and subcutaneous tissues, significantly affected radiotherapy planning. Expansion of the initial tumor volume by 2 cm failed to encompass all recurrence origins in 72% of cases. A 5 cm expansion was required to achieve full coverage in 56% of patients, though 22% of recurrences still lay beyond this margin and the remaining were covered only partially. Conclusions: Recurrent sacrococcygeal chordomas exhibit complex, soft-tissue-dominant patterns and are influenced by significant anatomical displacement post-surgery. Standard target volume expansions are often insufficient to cover the predominantly multifocal recurrences. 
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