Haploinsufficiency of ABL1 is associated with dominant isolated omphalocele

Omphalocele is a rare birth defect of the abdominal wall that results in herniation of the visceral organs through the umbilicus. To date, there are no identified genetic causes for non-syndromic isolated omphalocele. Exome sequencing in a four-generation multiplex family with isolated dominant omph...

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Hauptverfasser: Kolvenbach, Caroline (VerfasserIn) , Yilmaz, Öznur (VerfasserIn) , Lopes, Filipa M. (VerfasserIn) , Kalanithy, Jeshurun C. (VerfasserIn) , Lemberg, Katharina (VerfasserIn) , Sharma, Vineeta (VerfasserIn) , Majmundar, Amar J. (VerfasserIn) , Geyer, Matthias (VerfasserIn) , Woolf, Adrian S. (VerfasserIn) , Hildebrandt, Friedhelm (VerfasserIn) , Odermatt, Benjamin (VerfasserIn) , Reutter, Heiko (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 06 August 2025
In: Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
Year: 2025, Jahrgang: 13, Pages: 1-9
ISSN:2296-634X
DOI:10.3389/fcell.2025.1630894
Online-Zugang:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2025.1630894
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1630894/full
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Verfasserangaben:Caroline M. Kolvenbach, Öznur Yilmaz, Filipa M. Lopes, Jeshurun C. Kalanithy, Katharina Lemberg, Vineeta Sharma, Amar J. Majmundar, Matthias Geyer, Adrian S. Woolf, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Benjamin Odermatt and Heiko Reutter

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520 |a Omphalocele is a rare birth defect of the abdominal wall that results in herniation of the visceral organs through the umbilicus. To date, there are no identified genetic causes for non-syndromic isolated omphalocele. Exome sequencing in a four-generation multiplex family with isolated dominant omphalocele revealed a novel extended splice site variant (c.310 + 3A>C; p.?) in ABL1 that encoded a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Consistent with in silico predictions, in peripheral blood, this variant leads to an alternatively spliced mRNA harboring a premature termination codon. Quantification of the ABL1 mRNA abundance showed its significant reduction in an affected allele carrier compared to a healthy control. These data indicate degradation of the aberrantly spliced transcript by non-sense-mediated decay (NMD), consistent with haploinsufficiency as the disease mechanism. Accordingly, exposure to different tyrosine kinase inhibitors during pregnancy is associated with a significantly higher risk of omphalocele in the exposed offspring. ABL1 is a causative gene for congenital heart defect and skeletal malformation syndrome (CHDSKM) and human ABL1 deficiency syndrome (HADS); CHDSKM is associated with gain-of-function while HADS is associated with 3′ truncating variants, likely escaping NMD. Therefore, allele-dependent mechanisms may explain the phenotypic diversity. In human embryos (45-47 days post fertilization), ABL1 was immunodetected in fibroblast-like cells in the umbilical cord as well as abdominal wall surface ectoderm, both of which are important sites for abdominal wall closure. In mouse embryos (embryonic days 14.5-15.5), wholemount in situ hybridization confirmed Abl1 expression in the umbilical cord. Our genetic and experimental findings provide evidence that ABL1 haploinsufficiency is the first monogenic cause for isolated dominant omphalocele. 
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