Spatiotemporal associations between incidence of type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 vaccination rates in children in Germany: a population-based ecological study
Objectives The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children increased during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and declined thereafter. It is not known whether the decline is associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates in children. This study investigates whether COVID-19 vaccination rat...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
16. September 2025
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| In: |
The journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism
Year: 2025, Jahrgang: 38, Heft: 11, Pages: 1117-1125 |
| ISSN: | 2191-0251 |
| DOI: | 10.1515/jpem-2025-0189 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2025-0189 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jpem-2025-0189/html 
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| Verfasserangaben: | Clemens Kamrath, Alexander J. Eckert, Sarah Lignitz, Nikolas Hillenbrand, Axel Dost, Katharina Warncke, Daniela Klose, Karina Grohmann-Held, Reinhard W. Holl and Joachim Rosenbauer |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Spatiotemporal associations between incidence of type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 vaccination rates in children in Germany |b a population-based ecological study |c Clemens Kamrath, Alexander J. Eckert, Sarah Lignitz, Nikolas Hillenbrand, Axel Dost, Katharina Warncke, Daniela Klose, Karina Grohmann-Held, Reinhard W. Holl and Joachim Rosenbauer |
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| 520 | |a Objectives The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children increased during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and declined thereafter. It is not known whether the decline is associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates in children. This study investigates whether COVID-19 vaccination rates are associated with T1D incidence in children. Methods Population-based ecological study of children with new-onset T1D in the years 2022 and 2023 from the German Prospective Diabetes Registry. COVID-19 vaccination rates (VR) for 2022 were obtained from the Digital Vaccination Rate Monitoring-Project of the Robert-Koch-Institute. Spatial Spearman correlation analysis between period-averaged COVID-19 VR and T1D standardized incidence ratios (SIR) per county were used for the year 2022. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) Poisson models, including a time lag of 0-12 months between COVID-19 VR and T1D SIR, were used to assess their association. Results Data of 6,736 children and adolescents with new-onset T1D in the years 2022 and 2023 and of 4,208,377 vaccinated children aged 5-17 years across 336 German counties were analyzed. Neither the month-averaged spatial analysis (5-11 years: r=−0.029 [95%CI −0.136; 0.079]; 12-17 years: r=0.031 [95%CI −0.077; 0.138]) nor the spatiotemporal CAR models including time shifts of 0-12 months showed significant correlations between T1D SIR and COVID-19 VR. Conclusions This study found no significant associations between childhood COVID-19 vaccination rates and the subsequent incidence of type 1 diabetes over the next 12 months. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship in younger children. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a autoimmunity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a children | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID-19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a prevention | |
| 650 | 4 | |a type 1 diabetes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a vaccination | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Eckert, Alexander J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lignitz, Sarah |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hillenbrand, Nikolas |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dost, Axel |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Warncke, Katharina |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Klose, Daniela |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1069955426 |0 (DE-627)823065502 |0 (DE-576)429639554 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Grohmann-Held, Karina |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Holl, Reinhard W. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rosenbauer, Joachim |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
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