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From cigarettes to symptoms: the association between smoking and depression in the German National Cohort (NAKO)

Although the association between smoking and depression is well-established, the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors remain insufficiently understood. We examined the association between smoking and depression, including detailed dose-response and timing-related relationships, using baselin...

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Main Authors: Völker, Maja (Author) , Callies, Carolin M. (Author) , Frank, Josef (Author) , Foo, Jerome Clifford (Author) , Reinhard, Iris (Author) , Zillich, Lea (Author) , Klinger-König, Johanna (Author) , Grabe, Hans Jörgen (Author) , Beule, Achim G. (Author) , Erhardt-Lehmann, Angelika (Author) , Pabst, Alexander (Author) , Riedel-Heller, Steffi G. (Author) , Baune, Bernhard T. (Author) , Trenkwalder, Claudia (Author) , Wagner, Michael (Author) , Krist, Lilian (Author) , Keil, Thomas (Author) , Pischon, Tobias (Author) , Nimptsch, Katharina (Author) , Schulze, Matthias B. (Author) , Schmidt, Börge (Author) , Mikolajczyk, Rafael (Author) , Obi, Nadia (Author) , Harth, Volker (Author) , Klett-Tammen, Carolina J. (Author) , Becher, Heiko (Author) , Greiser, Karin Halina (Author) , Karch, André (Author) , Schipf, Sabine (Author) , Meinke-Franze, Claudia (Author) , Bohmann, Patricia (Author) , Leitzmann, Michael (Author) , Brenner, Hermann (Author) , Mons, Ute (Author) , Schwarz, Emanuel (Author) , Berger, Klaus (Author) , Mata, Jutta (Author) , Witt, Stephanie (Author) , Streit, Fabian (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 2026
In: BMC public health
Year: 2026, Volume: 26, Issue: 1, Pages: 1-13
ISSN:1471-2458
DOI:10.25673/121991
Online Access:Resolving-System, kostenfrei: https://doi.org/10.25673/121991
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25959-0
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Author Notes:Maja P. Völker, Carolin M. Callies, Josef Frank, Jerome C. Foo, Iris Reinhard, Lea Zillich, Johanna Klinger-König, Hans Jörgen Grabe, Achim G. Beule, Angelika Erhardt-Lehmann, Alexander Pabst, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Bernhard T. Baune, Claudia Trenkwalder, Michael Wagner, Lilian Krist, Thomas Keil, Tobias Pischon, Katharina Nimptsch, Matthias B. Schulze, Börge Schmidt, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Nadia Obi, Volker Harth, Carolina J. Klett-Tammen, Heiko Becher, Karin H. Greiser, André Karch, Sabine Schipf, Claudia Meinke-Franze, Patricia Bohmann, Michael Leitzmann, Hermann Brenner, Ute Mons, Emanuel Schwarz, Klaus Berger, Jutta Mata, Stephanie H. Witt and Fabian Streit
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Summary:Although the association between smoking and depression is well-established, the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors remain insufficiently understood. We examined the association between smoking and depression, including detailed dose-response and timing-related relationships, using baseline data from a large population-based cohort, the German National Cohort (NAKO).
Item Description:Online veröffentlicht: 19. Dezember 2025
Gesehen am 19.02.2026
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1471-2458
DOI:10.25673/121991

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