GW250114$btesting Hawking’s area law and the Kerr nature of black holes
The gravitational-wave signal GW250114 was observed by the two LIGO detectors with a network matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 80. The signal was emitted by the coalescence of two black holes with near-equal masses 𝑚1=33.6+1.2−0.8𝑀⊙ and 𝑚2=32.2+0.8−1.3𝑀⊙, and small spins 𝜒1,2≤0.26 (90% credi...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
10 September, 2025
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| In: |
Physical review letters
Year: 2025, Volume: 135, Issue: 11, Pages: 1-27 |
| ISSN: | 1079-7114 |
| DOI: | 10.1103/kw5g-d732 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1103/kw5g-d732 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/kw5g-d732 
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| Author Notes: | A.G. Abac et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations*) |
| Summary: | The gravitational-wave signal GW250114 was observed by the two LIGO detectors with a network matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 80. The signal was emitted by the coalescence of two black holes with near-equal masses 𝑚1=33.6+1.2−0.8𝑀⊙ and 𝑚2=32.2+0.8−1.3𝑀⊙, and small spins 𝜒1,2≤0.26 (90% credibility) and negligible eccentricity 𝑒≤0.03. Postmerger data excluding the peak region are consistent with the dominant quadrupolar (ℓ=|𝑚|=2) mode of a Kerr black hole and its first overtone. We constrain the modes’ frequencies to ±30% of the Kerr spectrum, providing a test of the remnant’s Kerr nature. We also examine Hawking’s area law, also known as the second law of black hole mechanics, which states that the total area of the black hole event horizons cannot decrease with time. A range of analyses that exclude up to five of the strongest merger cycles confirm that the remnant area is larger than the sum of the initial areas to high credibility. |
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| Item Description: | Veröffentlicht: 10 September, 2025 *LIGO Scientific, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations: A.G. Abac, M. Mapelli, S. Rinaldi [und 1778 weitere Personen] Gesehen am 04.02.2026 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1079-7114 |
| DOI: | 10.1103/kw5g-d732 |