EWOCS-IV: 1 Ms ACIS Chandra observation of the supergiant B(e) star Wd1-9
Context. Supergiant B[e] (sgB[e]) stars are exceptionally rare objects, with only a select number of confirmed examples in the Milky Way. The evolutionary pathways leading to the sgB[e] phase remain largely debated, highlighting the need for additional observations. The sgB[e] star Wd1-9, located in...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
09 September 2025
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| In: |
Astronomy and astrophysics
Year: 2025, Jahrgang: 701, Pages: 1-16 |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/202555305 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555305 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2025/09/aa55305-25/aa55305-25.html 
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| Verfasserangaben: | K. Anastasopoulou, M.G. Guarcello, J.J. Drake, B. Ritchie, M. De Becker, A. Bayo, F. Najarro, I. Negueruela, S. Sciortino, E. Flaccomio, R. Castellanos, J.F. Albacete-Colombo, M. Andersen, F. Damiani, F. Fraschetti, M. Gennaro, S.J. Gunderson, C.J.K. Larkin, J. Mackey, A.F. J. Moffat, P. Pradhan, S. Saracino, I.R. Stevens, and G. Weigelt |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Anastasopoulou, Konstantina |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1311262881 |0 (DE-627)1871263077 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a EWOCS-IV |b 1 Ms ACIS Chandra observation of the supergiant B(e) star Wd1-9 |c K. Anastasopoulou, M.G. Guarcello, J.J. Drake, B. Ritchie, M. De Becker, A. Bayo, F. Najarro, I. Negueruela, S. Sciortino, E. Flaccomio, R. Castellanos, J.F. Albacete-Colombo, M. Andersen, F. Damiani, F. Fraschetti, M. Gennaro, S.J. Gunderson, C.J.K. Larkin, J. Mackey, A.F. J. Moffat, P. Pradhan, S. Saracino, I.R. Stevens, and G. Weigelt |
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| 500 | |a Gesehen am 05.02.2026 | ||
| 520 | |a Context. Supergiant B[e] (sgB[e]) stars are exceptionally rare objects, with only a select number of confirmed examples in the Milky Way. The evolutionary pathways leading to the sgB[e] phase remain largely debated, highlighting the need for additional observations. The sgB[e] star Wd1-9, located in the massive cluster Westerlund 1 (Wd1), is enshrouded in a dusty cocoon - likely the result of past eruptive activity - leaving its true nature enigmatic. Aims. We present the most detailed X-ray study of Wd1-9 to date, using X-rays that pierce through its cocoon with the aim of uncovering its nature and evolutionary state. Methods. We utilised 36 Chandra observations of Wd1 from the ‘Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey’ (EWOCS), plus eight archival datasets, totalling 1.1 Ms. We used this dataset to investigate long-term variability and periodicity in Wd1-9, and analysed X-ray colours and spectra over time to uncover patterns that shed light on its nature. Results. Wd1-9 exhibits significant long-term X-ray variability, within which we identify a strong ∼14-day periodic signal. We interpret this as the orbital period, marking the first period determination for the system. The X-ray spectrum of Wd1-9 is thermal and hard (T ∼ 3.0 keV), resembling the spectra of bright Wolf-Rayet (WR) binaries in Wd1, while a strong Fe emission line at 6.7 keV indicates hot plasma from a colliding-wind X-ray binary. Conclusions. Wd1-9, with evidence of past mass loss, circumbinary material, a hard X-ray spectrum, and a newly detected 14-day period, displays all the hallmarks of a binary - likely a WR+OB - that recently underwent early Case B mass transfer. Its sgB[e] classification is likely phenomenological, reflecting emission from the dense circumbinary material. This places Wd1-9 in a rarely observed phase, possibly revealing a newly formed WN star, bridging the gap between immediate precursors and later evolutionary stages in Wd1. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Guarcello, M. G. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Drake, J. J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ritchie, B. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Becker, M. De |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bayo, A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Najarro, F. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Negueruela, I. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sciortino, S. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Flaccomio, E. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Castellanos, R. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Albacete-Colombo, J. F. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Andersen, M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Damiani, F. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fraschetti, F. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gennaro, M. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gunderson, S. J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Larkin, Cormac |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1350201111 |0 (DE-627)1910685011 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mackey, J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Moffat, A. F. J. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pradhan, P. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Saracino, S. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Stevens, I. R. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Weigelt, G. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
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