Evidence for supermassive black hole binaries

We review the state of the evidence for the existence and observational appearance of supermassive black hole binaries. Such objects are expected from standard hierarchical galaxy evolution to form after two galaxies, each containing a supermassive black hole, have merged, in the centre of the merge...

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Hauptverfasser: Krause, Martin (VerfasserIn) , Bourne, Martin Albert (VerfasserIn) , Britzen, Silke (VerfasserIn) , Foord, Adi (VerfasserIn) , Greene, Jenny (VerfasserIn) , Habouzit, Mélanie (VerfasserIn) , Horton, Maya (VerfasserIn) , Mayer, Lucio (VerfasserIn) , Middleton, Hannah (VerfasserIn) , Nealon, Rebecca (VerfasserIn) , Sisk-Reynés, Julia (VerfasserIn) , Reynolds, Christopher (VerfasserIn) , Sijacki, Debora (VerfasserIn)
Dokumenttyp: Article (Journal)
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 10 November 2025
In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
Year: 2025, Jahrgang: 42, Pages: 1-18
ISSN:1448-6083
DOI:10.1017/pasa.2025.10120
Online-Zugang:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2025.10120
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/publications-of-the-astronomical-society-of-australia/article/evidence-for-supermassive-black-hole-binaries/6A4690BF6A39C8DE7D735A700B0C63C8
Volltext
Verfasserangaben:Martin Gustav Heinrich Krause, Martin Albert Bourne, Silke Britzen, Adi Foord, Jenny Greene, Melanie Habouzit, Maya Horton, Lucio Mayer, Hannah Middleton, Rebecca Nealon, Julia Sisk-Reynés, Christopher Reynolds, Debora Sijacki
Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:We review the state of the evidence for the existence and observational appearance of supermassive black hole binaries. Such objects are expected from standard hierarchical galaxy evolution to form after two galaxies, each containing a supermassive black hole, have merged, in the centre of the merger remnant. A complex interaction is predicted to take place with stars and gas in the host galaxy, leading to observable signatures in weakly as well as actively accreting phases. Direct observational evidence is available and shows examples of dual active galactic nuclei from kpc scales down to parsec scales. Signatures of possibly closer supermassive black hole binaries may be seen in jetted black holes. The interaction with stars and gas in a galaxy significantly affects the hardening of the binary and hence contributes to uncertainties of the expected gravitational wave signal. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should in the future detect actual mergers. Before the launch of LISA, pulsar timing arrays may have the best chance to detect a gravitational wave signal from supermassive black hole binaries. The first signs of the combined background of inspiralling objects might have been seen already.
Beschreibung:Online veröffentlicht: 10. November 2025
Gesehen am 19.02.2026
Beschreibung:Online Resource
ISSN:1448-6083
DOI:10.1017/pasa.2025.10120