Precision measurement of net-proton-number gluctuations in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
We report precision measurements on cumulants (𝐶𝑛) and factorial cumulants (𝜅𝑛) of (net) proton number distributions up to fourth order in Au+Au collisions over center-of-mass energies √𝑠𝑁𝑁=7.7-27 GeV from phase II of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. (Anti)protons are selected at midrapidity (...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Corporate Author: | |
| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
29 September 2025
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| In: |
Physical review letters
Year: 2025, Volume: 135, Issue: 14, Pages: 1-8 |
| ISSN: | 1079-7114 |
| DOI: | 10.1103/9l69-2d7p |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1103/9l69-2d7p Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/9l69-2d7p 
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| Author Notes: | STAR Collaboration* |
MARC
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| 500 | |a Gesehen am 20.02.2026 | ||
| 520 | |a We report precision measurements on cumulants () and factorial cumulants () of (net) proton number distributions up to fourth order in Au+Au collisions over center-of-mass energies √=7.7-27 GeV from phase II of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. (Anti)protons are selected at midrapidity (|| <0.5) within a transverse momentum range of 0.4<<2.0 GeV/. Relative to various noncritical-point model calculations and peripheral collision 70%-80% data, the net proton 4/2 measurement in 0%-5% collisions shows a minimum around 19.6 GeV for significance of deviation at ∼2-5. A minimum in 4/2 with respect to a noncritical baseline is expected to be a characteristic feature of the signature associated with a critical point in the QCD phase diagram. In addition, deviations from noncritical baselines around the same collision energy region are also seen in proton factorial cumulant ratios, especially in 2/1 and 3/1. Dynamical model calculations including a critical point are called for in order to understand these precision measurements. | ||
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