Quantum dynamics of ultracold atoms in inhomogeneous magnetic fields: from ground state atoms to Rydberg atoms
Subject of this thesis is the investigation of the quantum dynamics of ultracold atoms in the presence of external inhomogeneous magnetic fields. We discuss the behavior of ground state atoms inside typical magnetic field configurations. Such atoms can be approximately treated as neutral point-like...
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| Format: | Book/Monograph Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2006
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| Online Access: | Verlag, Volltext: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-63733 Verlag, Volltext: http://d-nb.info/979568153/34 Verlag, Volltext: http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/volltexte/2006/6373/index.html 
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| Author Notes: | Igor Lesanovsky |
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quantum dynamics of ultracold atoms in inhomogeneous magnetic fields |b from ground state atoms to Rydberg atoms |c Igor Lesanovsky |
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| 520 | |a Subject of this thesis is the investigation of the quantum dynamics of ultracold atoms in the presence of external inhomogeneous magnetic fields. We discuss the behavior of ground state atoms inside typical magnetic field configurations. Such atoms can be approximately treated as neutral point-like particles which carry a certain spin. In particular we analyze the resonance spectrum and the density of states of both fermionic and bosonic atoms. We point out the existence of so-called quasi-bound states whose wave functions can be approximately calculated analytically. Moreover, we focus on studying quantum mechanical states of ultracold but electronically highly excited atoms - so-called Rydberg atoms - inside magnetic traps. In a first step we explore their internal dynamics by employing a fixed-nucleus approximation. The latter assumes the atomic nucleus to be fixed in the magnetic field minimum. Within this framework we analyze spectral properties as well as properties of the electronic spin and calculate electromagnetic transitions. Finally we present an adiabatic approach which allows for a thorough description of the coupled center of mass and electronic dynamics. We highlight ways to magnetically trap highly excited atoms and present novel quantum states in which the center of mass and the electronic wave function are equal in size. This finding shows that Rydberg atoms even in inhomogeneous fields with moderate gradients cannot be considered point-like. | ||
| 520 | |a Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Quantendynamik ultrakalter Atome in Gegenwart von inhomogenen Magnetfeldern. Wir studieren das Verhalten von Grundzustandsatomen, die näherungsweise als neutrale spinbehaftete Punktteilchen aufgefasst werden können, in typischen, auf Quadrupolfeldern basierenden, Magnetfallenkonfigurationen. Insbesondere analysieren wir das Resonanzspektrum und die Zustandsdichte von fermionischen und bosonischen Atomen. Wir zeigen die Existenz von quasi-gebundenen Zuständen die eine näherungsweise analytische Beschreibung erlauben. Weiterhin widmen wir uns dem Studium quantenmechanischer Zustände von ultrakalten und zugleich elektronisch hoch angeregten Atomen, so genannter Rydbergatome, in Magnetfallen. In einem ersten Schritt untersuchen wir deren interne Dynamik unter Annahme eines unendlich schweren und räumlich fixierten Atomkerns. Im Rahmen dieser Näherung werden spektrale Eigenschaften sowie Eigenschaften des Elektronenspins und elektromagnetische Übergänge berechnet. Schließlich stellen wir einen adiabatischen Zugang vor, der die umfassende Beschreibung der quantisierten Elektronen- und Schwerpunktsdynamik ermöglicht. Wir demonstrieren die Möglichkeit des Fangens von elektronisch hoch angeregten Atomen and präsentieren neuartige Quantenzustände, in denen die Schwerpunktswellenfunktion stärker lokalisiert ist als die der Elektronenbewegung. Dies zeigt, dass Rydbergatome in Gegenwart von inhomogenen Magnetfeldern, im Gegensatz zu Grundzustandsatomen, nicht mehr als punktförmige Teilchen betrachtet werden können. | ||
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