MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing
Over the past few years, new-generation cell-based assays have demonstrated a robust association of autoantibodies to full-length human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) with (mostly recurrent) optic neuritis, myelitis and brainstem encephalitis, as well as with acute disseminated enceph...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
3 May 2018
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| In: |
Journal of neuroinflammation
Year: 2018, Volume: 15 |
| ISSN: | 1742-2094 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12974-018-1144-2 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1144-2 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1144-2 
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| Author Notes: | S. Jarius, F. Paul, O. Aktas, N. Asgari, R. C. Dale, J. de Seze, D. Franciotta, K. Fujihara, A. Jacob, H. J. Kim, I. Kleiter, T. Kümpfel, M. Levy, J. Palace, K. Ruprecht, A. Saiz, C. Trebst, B. G. Weinshenker and B. Wildemann |
| Summary: | Over the past few years, new-generation cell-based assays have demonstrated a robust association of autoantibodies to full-length human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) with (mostly recurrent) optic neuritis, myelitis and brainstem encephalitis, as well as with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like presentations. Most experts now consider MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) a disease entity in its own right, immunopathogenetically distinct from both classic multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Owing to a substantial overlap in clinicoradiological presentation, MOG-EM was often unwittingly misdiagnosed as MS in the past. Accordingly, increasing numbers of patients with suspected or established MS are currently being tested for MOG-IgG. However, screening of large unselected cohorts for rare biomarkers can significantly reduce the positive predictive value of a test. To lessen the hazard of overdiagnosing MOG-EM, which may lead to inappropriate treatment, more selective criteria for MOG-IgG testing are urgently needed. In this paper, we propose indications for MOG-IgG testing based on expert consensus. In addition, we give a list of conditions atypical for MOG-EM (“red flags”) that should prompt physicians to challenge a positive MOG-IgG test result. Finally, we provide recommendations regarding assay methodology, specimen sampling and data interpretation. |
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| Item Description: | Published online: 03 May 2018 Gesehen am 04.07.2018 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1742-2094 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12974-018-1144-2 |