Contrast enhanced ultrasound in mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: case series and review of the literature
Background: Mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma is a rare form of primary liver cancer. Aims: The aim of this study is to report the results of the use of contrast enhanced ultrasound in a series of patients with confirmed mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma and to provide an updated literat...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2018
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| In: |
Digestive and liver disease
Year: 2017, Volume: 50, Issue: 4, Pages: 401-407 |
| ISSN: | 1878-3562 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.dld.2017.11.003 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2017.11.003 Verlag, Volltext: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1590865817312999 
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| Author Notes: | Yi Dong, Andreas Teufel, Jörg Trojan, Annalisa Berzigotti, Xin Wu Cui, Christoph F. Dietrich |
| Summary: | Background: Mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma is a rare form of primary liver cancer. Aims: The aim of this study is to report the results of the use of contrast enhanced ultrasound in a series of patients with confirmed mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma and to provide an updated literature review. Methods: Between January 2012 and October 2016, 25 Asian patients with confirmed mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma were included in this bicentric retrospective analysis. Clinical data as well recorded images of a standardized conventional B-mode ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination were interpreted by two blinded, independent, experienced radiologists in consensus. Results: All mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma lesions were heteroechoic on B-mode ultrasound, with ill-defined margins and irregular shapes. Arterial phase hyperenhancement was present in all 25 patients. Late-phase washout and hypoenhancement was present in 24/25 (96%) patients. However, rim-enhancement and early wash-out (which are common in cholangiocellular carcinoma) were found in over 60% of the cases. Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound demonstrated findings not typical for HCC in a large proportion of patients with confirmed mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, histological confirmation is crucial, especially in lesions with atypical findings. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 01.08.2018 Available online 24 November 2017 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1878-3562 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.dld.2017.11.003 |