Permittivity of ice at radio frequencies: Part I. Coaxial transmission line cell
At radio-frequencies, measurements of the permittivity of ice are sparse and with unknown or large uncertainty. Coaxial transmission lines have been established for frequency-dependent permittivity determination for a broad variety of materials. Here we present a coaxial transmission line setup orig...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
18 May 2012
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| In: |
Cold regions science and technology
Year: 2012, Volume: 82, Pages: 56-67 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.05.011 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.05.011 Verlag, Volltext: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165232X12001127 
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| Author Notes: | P. Bohleber, N. Wagner, O. Eisen |
| Summary: | At radio-frequencies, measurements of the permittivity of ice are sparse and with unknown or large uncertainty. Coaxial transmission lines have been established for frequency-dependent permittivity determination for a broad variety of materials. Here we present a coaxial transmission line setup originally designed for soil samples, now adapted for measuring ice samples between 10MHz and 1.5GHz. Measured scattering parameters are assessed for artifacts against a forward calculation based on transmission line theory. A Debye-type relaxation function for the complex permittivity is assumed to obtain the permittivity of ice from the measured full set of four scattering parameters by means of a genetic optimization algorithm. The algorithm is successfully validated against quasi-analytical and iterative computation techniques with reference measurements of a low-loss Teflon standard. Based on the forward calculation and the Teflon standard, the total uncertainty for measuring the real part of the permittivity is estimated to be around 1%. Additional measurements of reference materials air, water, ethanol and methanol are used for validation. The real part of the permittivity of eight artificial pure ice samples is found frequency-independent between 10MHz and 1.5GHz at −20°C, with a mean value of 3.18±0.01. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 05.10.2018 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.05.011 |