Time to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in children with human immunodeficiency virus in Europe and Thailand
Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucle...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2018
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| In: |
Clinical infectious diseases
Year: 2017, Volume: 66, Issue: 4, Pages: 594-603 |
| ISSN: | 1537-6591 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/cid/cix854 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix854 Verlag, Volltext: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/66/4/594/4237699 
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| Author Notes: | The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group in EuroCoord |
| Summary: | Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 08.10.2019 The members of the project team and writing group are listed in the notes Published online September 26, 2017 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1537-6591 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/cid/cix854 |