A novel NAD-RNA decapping pathway discovered by synthetic light-up NAD-RNAs
The complexity of the transcriptome is governed by the intricate interplay of transcription, RNA processing, translocation, and decay. In eukaryotes, the removal of the 5’-RNA cap is essential for the initiation of RNA degradation. In addition to the canonical 5’-N7-methyl guanos...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
28 March 2020
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| In: |
Biomolecules
Year: 2020, Volume: 10, Issue: 4, Pages: 1-15 |
| ISSN: | 2218-273X |
| DOI: | 10.3390/biom10040513 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040513 Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/4/513 
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| Author Notes: | Florian Abele, Katharina Höfer, Patrick Bernhard, Julia Grawenhoff, Maximilian Seidel, André Krause, Sara Kopf, Martin Schröter and Andres Jäschke |
| Summary: | The complexity of the transcriptome is governed by the intricate interplay of transcription, RNA processing, translocation, and decay. In eukaryotes, the removal of the 5’-RNA cap is essential for the initiation of RNA degradation. In addition to the canonical 5’-N7-methyl guanosine cap in eukaryotes, the ubiquitous redox cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) was identified as a new 5’-RNA cap structure in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. So far, two classes of NAD-RNA decapping enzymes have been identified, namely Nudix enzymes that liberate nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and DXO-enzymes that remove the entire NAD cap. Herein, we introduce 8-(furan-2-yl)-substituted NAD-capped-RNA (FurNAD-RNA) as a new research tool for the identification and characterization of novel NAD-RNA decapping enzymes. These compounds are found to be suitable for various enzymatic reactions that result in the release of a fluorescence quencher, either nicotinamide (NAM) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from the RNA which causes a fluorescence turn-on. FurNAD-RNAs allow for real-time quantification of decapping activity, parallelization, high-throughput screening and identification of novel decapping enzymes in vitro. Using FurNAD-RNAs, we discovered that the eukaryotic glycohydrolase CD38 processes NAD-capped RNA in vitro into ADP-ribose-modified-RNA and nicotinamide and therefore might act as a decapping enzyme in vivo. The existence of multiple pathways suggests that the decapping of NAD-RNA is an important and regulated process in eukaryotes. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 02.07.2020 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 2218-273X |
| DOI: | 10.3390/biom10040513 |